Emergency dispatcher assistance decreases time to defibrillation in a public venue: a randomized controlled trial Sattha Riyapan, Jeffrey Lubin
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.015
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 34 , Issue 3 ,
Published online: December 12 2015
x We attempted to determine the effect of prearrival instructions that included the specific location of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in a public venue on the time to defibrillation in a simulated cardiac arrest scenario using untrained bystanders.
Defibrillation in rural areas Mathias Ströhle, Peter Paal, Giacomo Strapazzon, Giovanni Avancini, Emily Procter, Hermann Brugger
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.08.046
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 11 ,
Published online: August 26 2014
x Automated external defibrillation (AED) and public access defibrillation (PAD) have become cornerstones in the chain of survival in modern cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Most studies of AED and PAD have been performed in urban areas, and evidence is scarce for sparsely populated rural areas. The aim of this review was to review the literature and discuss treatment strategies for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in rural areas.
Lung injury and pneumothorax after defibrillation as demonstrated with computed tomography Terman Gümüş, Düzgün Yıldırım, Gökhan Uçar,
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.02.018
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: April 19 2013
x Many patients present for emergency services after electric injuries or require defibrillation during emergency services. Although the defibrillation process is safe, skin burns and myocardial injuries are reported after defibrillation procedures. There are limited data about the complications of defibrillation. In the case reported here, a lung injury and a small pneumothorax were observed after defibrillation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in which computed tomography is used to demonstrate that a trace of electric current passed through the lung.
The introduction of public access defibrillation to a university community: The University of Virginia Public Access Defibrillation Program Peter Whitney-Cashio, Melissa Sartin, William J. Brady, Kelly Williamson, Kostas Alibertis, Gilbert Somers, Robert E. O'Connor
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2011.07.005
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: September 12 2011
x The use of the automatic external defibrillator (AED) can significantly reduce the time to defibrillation in patients with sudden cardiac death. This early defibrillation via the AED can also improve patient outcome, including survival and neurologic status among survivors. We undertook the addition of a public access defibrillation program at a large mid-Atlantic university. In our design of the system, we found little useful information to guide us in the development and construction our system.
The introduction of public access defibrillation to a university community: the University of Virginia public access defibrillation program Peter Whitney-Cashio, Melissa Sartin, William J. Brady, Kelly Williamson, Kostas Alibertis, Gilbert Somers, Robert E. O′Connor
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2011.07.015
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: January 2012
x We undertook the addition of a public access defibrillation (PAD) program at a large mid-Atlantic university. In our design of the system, we found little useful information to guide us in the development and construction our system. This letter addresses the issues and methodology of our approach to this important program.
The cardiac literature 2010 Amal Mattu, Michael C. Bond, Semhar Z. Tewelde, William J. Brady
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2011.02.023
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 4 ,
Published online: May 2 2011
x A. Pokorna M, Necas E, Kratochvil J, et al. A sudden increase in partial pressure end-tidal carbon dioxide (PET CO2 ) at the moment of return of spontaneous circulation. J Emerg Med 2010;38:614-621 .
Outcomes by rescue shock number during the metabolic phase of porcine ventricular fibrillation resuscitation Ryan A. Coute, Timothy J. Mader, Lawrence D. Sherman
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.02.035
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: March 5 2014
x Optimal resuscitation duration before the first rescue shock (RS) to maximize the probability of success after prolonged ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival by RS attempt after 12 minutes of untreated VF.
The effects of proximal and distal routes of intraosseous epinephrine administration on short-term resuscitative outcome measures in an adult swine model of ventricular fibrillation: a randomized controlled study James M. Burgert, Arthur D. Johnson, Jose Garcia-Blanco, Jacob Froehle, Todd Morris, Ben Althuisius, Jennifer Richards, Christopher Castano
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.09.007
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 34 , Issue 1 ,
Published online: September 19 2015
x It is unknown if the anatomical distance of intraosseous (IO) epinephrine injection from the heart affects resuscitative outcome. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between the anatomical distance of IO epinephrine injection and measures of resuscitative outcome in an adult swine model of ventricular fibrillation (VF).
Prearrest hypothermia improved defibrillation and cardiac function in a rabbit ventricular fibrillation model Li Jiang, Chun-lin Hu, Zhen-Ping Wang, Yin-Ping Li, Jian Qin
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.07.017
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 10 ,
Published online: July 17 2015
x Hypothermia when cardiopulmonary resuscitation begins may help achieve defibrillation and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), but few data are available.
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition improves macrocirculation and microcirculation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation Junyuan Wu, Chunsheng Li, Wei Yuan
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.09.033
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 34 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: October 2 2015
x This study is to clarify whether sildenafil, which is a selective inhibitor of the isoform 5 of the enzyme phosphodiesterase, improves macrocirculation or/and microcirculation during ventricular fibrillation (VF) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) so as to improve outcomes of resuscitation.
The difference in myocardial injuries and mitochondrial damages between asphyxial and ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrests Min-Shan Tsai, Chien-Hua Huang, Shang-Ho Tsai, Chia-Ying Tsai, Huei-Wen Chen, Hsaio-Ju Cheng, Chiung-Yuan Hsu, Tzung-Dau Wang, and others
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.01.001
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 8 ,
Published online: March 2 2012
x Ventricular fibrillation (VF) and asphyxia account for most cardiac arrests but differ in cardiac arrest course, neurologic deficit, and myocardial damage. In VF resuscitation, cardiac mitochondria were known to be damaged via excess generation of reactive oxygen species. This study evaluated the difference of cardiac mitochondrial damages between VF and asphyxial cardiac arrests.
Differences of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction in ventricular fibrillation versus asphyxiation Cai-Jun Wu, Chun-Sheng Li, Yi Zhang, Jun Yang, Qin Yin, Chen-Chen Hang
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.08.017
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 12 ,
Published online: September 16 2013
x This study aims to characterize postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction in 2 porcine models of cardiac arrest (CA): ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest (VFCA) and asphyxiation cardiac arrest (ACA).
Biphasic versus monophasic defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis Chih-Hung Wang, Chien-Hua Huang, Wei-Tien Chang, Min-Shan Tsai, Sot Shih-Hung Liu, Cheng-Yi Wu, Yi-Chia Lee, Zui-Shen Yen, and others
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.07.033
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 10 ,
Published online: September 13 2013
x Biphasic defibrillation is more effective than monophasic one in controlled in-hospital conditions. The present review evaluated the performance of both waveforms in the defibrillation of patients of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with initial ventricular fibrillation (Vf) rhythm under the context of current recommendations for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Relationship between duration of prehospital resuscitation and favorable prognosis in ventricular fibrillation Takahiro Arima, Osamu Nagata, Koji Sakaida, Takeshi Miura, Hiroyuki Kakuchi, Katsuki Ikeda, Tomoya Mizushima, Azusa Takahashi
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.02.031
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 5 ,
Published online: February 23 2015
x There appears to be an optimal point in balancing the relative benefits of extending the resuscitation time to obtain return of spontaneous circulation in the prehospital setting and the initiation of therapies such as extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study investigated how prehospital CPR duration is related to survival and neurologic outcome in ventricular fibrillation (VF) and tried to find the tolerable time for prehospital resuscitation.
The pathophysiologies of asphyxial vs dysrhythmic cardiac arrest: implications for resuscitation and post-event management Dimitrios Varvarousis, Giolanda Varvarousi, Nicoletta Iacovidou, Ernesto D'Aloja, Anil Gulati, Theodoros Xanthos
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.06.066
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 9 ,
Published online: July 6 2015
x Cardiac arrest is not a uniform condition and significant heterogeneity exists within all victims with regard to the cause of cardiac arrest. Primary cardiac (dysrhythmic) and asphyxial causes together are responsible for most cases of cardiac arrest at all age groups. The purpose of this article is to review the pathophysiologic differences between dysrhythmic and asphyxial cardiac arrest in the prearrest period, during the no-flow state, and after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
ST-segment elevation after direct current shock mimicking acute myocardial infarction: a case report and review of the literature Peiren Shan, Jie Lin, Weiwei Xu, Weijian Huang
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.04.005
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 11 ,
Published online: April 14 2014
x External direct current (DC) shocks are and have long been commonly used for electrical cardioversion/defibrillation of atrial or ventricular arrhythmias. ST-segment elevation after cardioversion with DC is an easily ignored phenomenon, occurring acutely and resolving during the first few minutes postshock. Here, we describe electrocardiographic findings of widespread ST-segment elevation lasting at least 1 hour after DC cardioversion for ventricular defibrillation due to Brugada syndrome and mimicking acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
The “Code Drugs in Cardiac Arrest”—the use of cardioactive medications in cardiac arrest resuscitation Tanner Boyd, William Brady
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2011.04.009
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 5 ,
Published online: June 13 2011
x In October of 2010, the American Heart Association (AHA) published the 2010 Guidelines on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. These guidelines place significant emphasis on 5 major areas of therapy in patient with cardiac arrest, including immediate recognition and activation of the emergency response team, effective chest compressions, rapid defibrillation, effective advanced life support (ALS), and integrated postresuscitation care. “Effective ALS” includes the placement of an advanced airway, establishment of parenteral access, and the administration of cardioactive medications.
Subject Index
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(15)00997-3
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 12 ,
Published in issue: December 2015
Cardiac arrest with refractory ventricular fibrillation: a successful resuscitation using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Chun-Chieh Chiu, Chun-wen Chiu, Ying-Cheng Chen, Fu-Yuan Siao
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.03.035
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 1 ,
Published online: May 25 2012
x Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a form of a mechanical cardiopulmonary life-support system and an adjunct to prolonged cardiac resuscitation. The ECMO results in good outcomes for patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest. We present a case of a 52-year-old man with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest caused by refractory ventricular fibrillation. The patient was referred to our emergency department with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation was refractory to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Ventricular fibrillation caused by coronary artery spasm during mild therapeutic hypothermia after resuscitation Yoshihiro Yamashina, Tetsuo Yagi, Akio Namekawa, Akihiko Ishida, Yoshiaki Mibiki, Hirokazu Sato, Takashi Nakagawa, Manjirou Sakuramoto, and others
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.07.007
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: September 3 2012
x A 47-year-old man experienced ventricular fibrillation in the early morning. A 12-lead electrocardiogram obtained immediately after resuscitation showed no significant ST-T changes. An emergent coronary angiogram also showed no significant lesion in the coronary arteries. However, the patient developed ST elevation that led to ventricular fibrillation during induced mild therapeutic hypothermia. Immediate defibrillation followed by isosorbide dinitrate administration resolved the ST elevation.
