Antibiotic prophylaxis in intraoral wounds Michael Altieri, Leah Brasch
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(86)80005-5
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 4 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: November 1986
x This study of 100 patients was undertaken to determine the efficacy of penicillin/erythromycin prophylaxis in the management of intraoral lacerations in the pediatric population. Only six patients of the evaluable population developed infections (6.4%). Two of these patients received antibiotic prophylaxis (4%), and the other four were control patients (8%) who developed wound infections (P = 0.41). Although most injuries were minor, if the injury was large enough to require suturing, the infection rate was slightly greater in the control group.
Dog bites in children: Epidemiology, microbiology, and penicillin prophylactic therapy Douglas A. Boenning, Gary R. Fleisher, Joseph M. Campos
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(83)90032-3
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 1 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: July 1983
x Fifty-five children with nonfacial dog bites were prospectively studied. Patients were assigned to an experimental group receiving oral penicillin or a control group receiving local wound care only. Wounds were cultured for anaerobic and aerobic flora prior to cleansing. Results showed that most children were bitten on an extremity by a familiar dog, sustained simple injuries, and sought prompt medical attention. The overall infection rate was 3.6%, with one patient in each group developing an infection.
Inhaled bronchodilators in young pediatric asthmatic: A method of delivery David A. Berman, Robert Norris
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(88)90087-3
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 6 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 1988
Acute paraplegia and pulmonary edema after benzathine penicillin injection Christophe Lelubre, Philippe E.R. Lheureux
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.013
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 26 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: February 2008
x Accidental intra-arterial injection is a potentially devastating complication of the intragluteal injection of benzathine penicillin. A 35-year-old woman developed after intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin G acute paraplegia and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation was initiated with furosemide and corticosteroids. A magnetic resonance imaging scan showed findings consistent with syringomyelia and spinal cord ischemia at T9 through T10. Vascular injury may be the result of microemboli of the injected crystals of the penicillin salts.
Acute streptococcal myopericarditis mimicking myocardial infarction Ali Khavandi, John Whitaker, Andrew Elkington, Jo Probert, Paul R. Walker
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.10.030
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 26 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: June 2008
x A 25-year-old man who had recurrent sore throats presented with sharp central chest pain 5 hours after starting penicillin for tonsillitis. Electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed ST-segment elevation in leads I and aVL with reciprocal ST depression in lead III (Fig. 1). Troponin I was measured as 33 μ g/L (normal range, <0.1 μ g/L), and C-reactive protein (CRP) was 127 (normal range <10). Echocardiogram revealed a nondilated well-contracting left ventricle, and cardiac catheterization revealed normal coronary arteries.
Postsplenectomy pneumococcemia in a healthy vaccinated adult Elliot L. Chaikof, John D. Goodson, Charles J. McCabe
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(84)80006-6
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 2 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 1984
Fishhook injuries: A prospective evaluation C. Doser, W.L. Cooper, W.M. Ediger, N.A. Magen, C.S. Mildbrand, C.D. Schulte
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(91)90204-W
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 9 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1991
x A prospective study was conducted involving 100 nonrandomized, consecutive patients who suffered fishhook injury during the summer of 1990 in Alaska. Time of injury prior to admission to the emergency department, location of fishhook, method of removal, wound care, systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, anesthetic, tetanus immunization status, fishhook size, and complication rate were evaluated. Results of this study suggest that most fishhook injuries involve the hands or head and that postremoval wound care including oral antibiotic therapy may not be critical.
The use of antibiotics in the initial management of recent dog-bite wounds Robert A. Rosen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(85)90005-1
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 3 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: January 1985
x The use of antibiotics in the initial management of dog-bite wounds presented within eight hours of injury was studied. Of 211 wounds occurring in 150 patients seen during the study period, 66 wounds occurring in 33 patients comprised the study sample. All wounds were managed according to a strict protocol that included cleaning, debridement, and pressure irrigation. The wounds studied were randomly assigned to either an antibiotics (penicillinase-resistant penicillin or erythromycin) or placebo group.
Bacterial blood cultures in children with sickle cell disease Alex L. Rogovik, Jeremy N. Friedman, Jeeshan Persaud, Ran D. Goldman
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.04.002
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 28 , Issue 4 ,
Published online: March 26 2010
x Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are considered at risk for bacteremia, especially when they present to the emergency department (ED) with fever.
Low risk of infection in selected human bites treated without antibiotics Joshua Broder, David Jerrard, Jonathan Olshaker, Michael Witting
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2003.09.004
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 22 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: January 2004
x To assess the need for antibiotics in low-risk human bite wounds, a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 127 patients presenting with low-risk human bite wounds over 2 years to a 40,000 visit per year major academic ED was performed. Low-risk bites penetrated only the epidermis and did not involve hands, feet, skin, overlying joints, or cartilaginous structures. Exclusion criteria included age less than 18 years, puncture wounds, immunocompromise, allergy to penicillin or related compound, or bites greater than 24 hours old.
Index to volume 1
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(83)90130-4
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 1 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: November 1983
Managing acute lower respiratory tract infections in an era of antibacterial resistance Gregory A. Volturo, Donald E. Low, Richard Aghababian
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2005.10.001
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 24 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: May 2006
x Respiratory tract infections account for more than 116 million office visits and an estimated 3 million visits to hospital EDs annually. Patients presenting at EDs with symptoms suggestive of lower respiratory tract infections of suspected bacterial etiology are often severely ill, thus requiring a rapid presumptive diagnosis and empiric antimicrobial treatment. Traditionally, clinicians have relied on β -lactam or macrolide antibiotics to manage community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections.
Antibiotic treatments for hand injuries Andrew T. Guertler
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(88)90086-1
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 6 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 1988
Lemierre syndrome complicated by cerebral abscess Water Valesky, Konstantinos Agoritsas
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.08.004
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: February 2013
x Often referred to as the “forgotten disease,” the incidence of Lemierre syndrome has seen a resurgence over the last 20 to 30 years. Cerebral abscesses are a rare complication of Lemierre syndrome, with only a few cases reported in the medical literature. We describe a case of Lemierre syndrome diagnosed in an 18-year-old man with complications of cerebral abscess and disseminated intravascular coagulation with a complicated course. Discussion will include causes for the resurgence of this disease and its initial management.
Precipitous hypotension in the emergency department caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus sp nov sepsis John M. Howell, George R. Woodward
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(90)90082-B
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 8 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1990
x A 20-year-old man presented to the emergency department (ED) with an injured right hand, fever, and a history of dog exposure. This splenectomized individual developed hypotension less than 90 minutes after arriving in the ED with normal vital signs. He later developed overwhelming sepsis, gangrene, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), respiratory insufficiency, retroperitoneal hematoma, and renal insufficiency. Blood cultures grew Capnocytophaga canimorsus sp nov (formerly Dysgonic Fermenter-2).
Antibiotics to prevent infection of simple wounds: A meta-analysis of randomized studies Peter Cummings, Mark A Del Beccaro
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(95)90122-1
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 13 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1995
x A meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether prophylactic systemic antibiotics prevent infection in patients with nonbite wounds that are managed in the emergency department (ED). A literature search was performed to identify published, randomized trials of prophylactic antibiotics for nonbite wounds. Blinded review of trial methods was used to select trials that randomly assigned patients to antibiotic or control groups and analyzed results by intention to treat. Of 9 randomized trials, 7 (with 1,734 study subjects) were accepted for analysis.
Tetanus Michael P. Kefer
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(92)90073-7
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 10 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1992
x Tetanus is a preventable disease with proper immunization. The marked decline in the incidence over the past several decades has resulted from widespread use of tetanus prophylaxis and improved wound management in the emergency department.1 Emergency physicians are among the most frequent providers of tetanus vaccination. We can stress the importance of proper immunization and encourage patients to keep accurate immunization records. This can maximize protection of patients from tetanus, and minimize adverse reactions from excessive administration of booster.
The effect of scrubbing and irrigation with normal saline, povidone iodine, and cefazolin on wound bacterial counts in a guinea pig model John M. Howell, Thomas O. Stair, Anne W. Howell, Diane J. Mundt, Angelo Falcone, Stephen R. Peters
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(93)90106-L
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 11 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 1993
x This study examines the effects of povidone iodine, normal saline, and cefazolin alone and after scrubbing on bacterial counts in contaminated animal lacerations. Twelve albino guinea pigs each received four lacerations inoculated with a standard inoculum of Staphylococcus aureus . Twelve hours after inoculation, each wound was biopsied to ensure contamination and then either treated or left as an untreated control. One wound on each animal was an untreated control. The remaining three lacerations on six pigs were irrigated with cefazolin (CZ) solution, normal saline, or 1% (wt/vol) povidone iodine solution (PI).
Fifty-year-old female with facial subcutaneous emphysema: a case report Gerald W. Beltran, Mark D. Lopez
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.11.002
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 26 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: July 2008
x Subcutaneous emphysema in itself is a benign condition. However, when present secondary to trauma, it may indicate a more serious problem. We report a patient with subcutaneous emphysema secondary to trauma sustained during a generalized seizure. It is believed that the source of the air in the tissue was from a minor laceration below and into the patient's nose without any fracture of the underlying bones or sinus involvement.
Povidone-iodine solutions in traumatic wound preparation Michael S. Oberg
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(87)90199-9
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 5 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: November 1987
