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October 2001Volume 19, Issue 6, Pages 482–487
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Presentation and symptom predictors of coronary heart disease in patients with and without diabetes***

Marjorie Funk
x
Marjorie Funk
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Affiliations

  • Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT
, PhD, RN, FAAN
,
Janice B. Naum
x
Janice B. Naum
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Affiliations

  • Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT.
, MSN, APRN, CEN
,
Kerry A. Milner
x
Kerry A. Milner
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Affiliations

  • Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT
, DNSc, RN
,
Deborah Chyun
x
Deborah Chyun
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Affiliations

  • Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT
, PhD, RN
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2001.27135

References

  1. 1American Heart Association. 2001 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. American Heart Association, Dallas, TX; 2000.
    • 2Herlitz, J, Malmberg, K, Karlson, BW et al, Mortality and morbidity during a five-year follow-up of diabetics with myocardial infarction. Acta Med Scand. 1988;224:31–38.
    • 3Abbott, RD, Donahue, RP, Kannel, WB et al, The impact of diabetes on survival following myocardial infarction in men vs women. JAMA. 1988;260:3456–3460.
    • 4Malmberg, K, Rydén, L. Myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J. 1988;9:259–264.
    • 5Stone, PH, Muller, JE, Hartwell, T et al, The effect of diabetes mellitus on prognosis and serial left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction: Contribution of both coronary disease and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction to the adverse prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;14:49–57.
    • 6Miettinen, H, Lehto, S, Salomaa, V et al, Impact of diabetes on mortality after the first myocardial infarction. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:69–75.
    • 7Chyun, D, Vaccarino, V, Young, LH et al, Heart failure and recurrent myocardial infarction in the elderly with diabetes. Circulation. 1999;100:I-30.
      • 8Kannel, WB, Abbott, RD. Incidence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction: an update on the Framingham Study. N Engl J Med. 1984;311:1144–1147.
      • 9Niakan, E, Harati, Y, Rolak, LA et al, Silent myocardial infarction and diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Arch Int Med. 1986;146:2229–2230.
      • 10Milan Study on Atherosclerosis and Diabetes MiSAD Group:. Prevalence of unrecognized silent myocardial ischemia and its association with atherosclerotic risk factors in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:134–139.
      • 11Janand-Delenne, B, Savin, B, Habib, G et al, Silent myocardial ischemia in patients with diabetes: Who to screen. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:1396–1400.
      • 12Canto, JG, Shlipak, MG, Rogers, WJ et al, Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and mortality among patients with myocardial infarction presenting without chest pain. JAMA. 2000;283:3223–3229.
      • 13Jacoby, RM, Nesto, RW. Acute myocardial infarction in the diabetic patient: Pathophysiology, clinical course and prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:736–744.
      • 14Hansen, H, Kjaergaard, SC, Bulow, I et al, Thrombolytic therapy in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction. Diabetes Care. 1996;19:1135–1137.
      • 15Bloomgarden, ZT. Topics in cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1997;20:1624–1627.
      • 16Milner, KA, Funk, M, Richards, S et al, Gender differences in symptom presentation associated with coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 1999;84:396–399.
      • 17Richards, SB, Funk, M, Milner, KA. Differences between blacks and whites with coronary heart disease in initial symptoms and in delay in seeking care. Am J Crit Care. 2000;9:237–244.
      • 18Milner, KA, Funk, M, Richards, S et al, Symptom predictors of acute coronary syndromes in younger and older patients. Nursing Res. 2001;50:233–241.
      • 19Chipkin, SR, Frid, D, Alpert, JS et al, Frequency of painless myocardial ischemia during exercise tolerance testing in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59:61–65.
      • 20Christensen, PD, Kofoed, PE, Seyer-Hansen, K. Painless myocardial infarction in diabetes mellitus—A myth?. Danish Med Bull. 1985;32:273–275.
      • 21Karlson, B, Strömbom, U, Ekvall, H et al, Prognosis in diabetics in whom the initial suspicion of acute myocardial infarction was not confirmed. Clin Cardiol. 1993;16:559–564.
      • 22Herlitz, J, Karlson, BW, Edvardsson, H et al, Prognosis in diabetics with chest pain or other symptoms suggestive of acute myocardial infarction. Cardiology. 1992;80:237–245.

      *Address reprint requests to Marjorie Funk, PhD, RN, FAAN, Professor, Yale University School of Nursing, 100 Church Street South, P.O. Box 9740, New Haven, CT 06536-0740. E-mail: marjorie.funk@yale.edu

      **0735-6757/01/1906-0006$35.00/0

      © 2001 W.B. Saunders Company. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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      October 2001Volume 19, Issue 6, Pages 482–487