Secgin Soyuncu, Cenker Eken, Yildiray Cete, Firat Bektas, Mehmet Akcimen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.003
Published in issue: October 2009
xThe aim of this study is to determine the predictors of difficult intubation in the emergency setting.
Paul Starr, Wendy Klein-Schwartz, Henry Spiller, Perri Kern, Susan E. Ekleberry, Susan Kunkel
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.004
Published in issue: October 2009
xDelayed seizures have been reported with overdoses of bupropion extended-release (XL). This study systematically evaluates the frequency and timing of seizures and an association between other toxic effects (ie, agitation, tremors, and hallucinations) and seizures.
Anna Marie Chang, Frances S. Shofer, Jeffrey A. Tabas, David J. Magid, Christine M. McCusker, Judd E. Hollander
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.007
Published in issue: October 2009
xGuidelines recommend treating patients with a new or presumed new left bundle-branch block (LBBB) similar to those with an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. It is often unclear which emergency department (ED) patients with potentially ischemic symptoms actually have an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), even in the setting of LBBB. Our null hypothesis was that in ED patients with potential AMI, the presence of a new or presumed new LBBB would not predict an increased likelihood of AMI.
Jeffrey S. Jones, Linda Rossman, Renae Diegel, Phyllis Van Order, Barbara N. Wynn
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.010
Published in issue: October 2009
xPhysical abuse of older women, including reports of sexual assault, has risen rapidly for the last decade. The purpose of this study was to compare a group of postmenopausal victims of sexual assault with younger adult women (18-39 years old) by examining patient demographics, assault characteristics, and patterns of physical injury.
Jacqueline M. Reardon, Keri L. Carstairs, Sherri L. Rudinsky, Leslie V. Simon, Robert H. Riffenburgh, David A. Tanen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.015
Published in issue: October 2009
xUrinary tract infections are a common source of serious bacterial infections in febrile infants younger than 2 years. Our objective was to compare urinalysis with urine culture in the emergency department evaluation of febrile infants.
Frank LoVecchio, John Ozimek, Belinda Sawyers, Dan Thole
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.026
Published in issue: October 2009
xAdderall (Barr Laboratories, Inc, Montvale, NJ) and methylphenidate are prescription amphetamines used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. The exact mechanism of action of amphetamines in the treatment of ADHD is not known; however, it has been shown to stimulate central nervous system (CNS) activity via blockade of both dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake and by increasing their release into the extraneuronal space. Clinical effects can manifest via CNS stimulation or depression.
Meng-Hua Chen, Feng-Qing Song, Lu Xie, Li-Ping Wang, Jun-Yu Lu, Xian-Wei Zhang, Xiao-Fen Tian
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.031
Published in issue: October 2009
xThe advantage of vasopressin over epinephrine in the treatment of cardiac arrest (CA) is still being debated, and it is not clear whether a high dose of vasopressin is beneficial or detrimental during or after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a rat model of CA. In this study, asphyxial CA was induced in 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 10 minutes of asphyxia, CPR was initiated; and the effects of different doses of vasopressin (low dose, 0.4 U/kg; medium dose, 0.8 U/kg; and high dose, 2.4 U/kg; intravenous; n = 10 in each group) and a saline control (isotonic sodium chloride solution, 1 mL, intravenous) were compared.
Yamini Durani, Matthew Egan, Jeanne Baffa, Steven M. Selbst, Alan L. Nager
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.032
Published in issue: October 2009
xThe objective of the study was to characterize the clinical profiles of pediatric patients with acute myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) before diagnosis.
Markku Kuisma, Taneli Väyrynen, Tuomas Hiltunen, Kari Porthan, Janne Aaltonen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.033
Published in issue: October 2009
xWe examined the effect of the change from paper records to the electronic patient records (EPRs) on ambulance call duration.
Choi Yoonhee, Jung Kooyoung, Eo Eunkyung, Lee Donghoon, Kim Junsig, Shin Dongwun, Kim Sungeun, Lee Mijin
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.035
Published in issue: October 2009
xAlcohol-related injuries are significantly more serious than non–alcohol-related injuries. However, there have been few data on the relationship between alcohol consumption and injury in the Korea. This study was designed to determine the absence or presence of alcohol consumption at the time of injury and the relationship between the quantity of alcohol and the extent of injury.
Yun Kwon Kim, Hyun Kim, Christopher C. Lee, Han Joo Choi, Kang Hyun Lee, Sung Oh Hwang, Joong Hwan Oh, Young Han Lee, Adam J. Singer
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.036
Published in issue: October 2009
xReexpansion pulmonary edema (REPE) is a rare yet sometimes fatal complication associated with the treatment of lung diseases such as pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and hemothorax. The current study summarizes our experience with REPE for a 3-year period.
Paschalina Kontou, Joseph L. Kuti, David P. Nicolau
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.037
Published in issue: October 2009
xSevere community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is usually defined as pneumonia that requires intensive care unit (ICU) admission; the primary pathogen responsible for ICU admission is Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, the 2007 Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society (IDSA/ATS) consensus criteria for ICU admission were compared with other severity scores in predicting ICU admission and mortality.
Yu-Hui Chiu, Ming-Kun Huang, Chorng-Kuang How, Teh-Fu Hsu, Jen-Dar Chen, Chii-Hwa Chern, David Hung-Tsang Yen, Chun-I Huang
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.06.006
Published in issue: October 2009
xThe aims of this study were to assess the diagnostic value of d-dimer in patients with suspected acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) and to evaluate the correlation between d-dimer levels and the severity of bowel necrosis.
Jacob Chapman, Daniel Pallin, Larisa Ferrara, Sarah Mortell, John Pliakas, Melissa Shear, Stephen Thomas
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.025
Published in issue: October 2009
xProlonged endotracheal tube cuff pressures (ETTCPs) greater than 30 cm H2O cause complications ranging from sore throat to rare cases of tracheoesophageal fistula. In a series of patients, we sought to determine the proportion of patients with overinflated cuffs and to determine whether overinflation was associated with demographics, diagnostic category, or intubator credentials.
Robert J. Hoffman, David Farcy, Thomas Scalea
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.07.002
Published in issue: October 2009
xIn an excellent investigation of endotracheal tube cuff pressure assessment, “Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressures in Patients Intubated Prior to Transport,” Chapman et al measured endotracheal tube cuff pressure in patients who arrive at their emergency department after being intubated in the field. This, the first published American study of this type, presents clear and convincing evidence that patients who undergo endotracheal intubation before transport have endotracheal tube cuff pressures that exceed safe limits.
Andrea Bellone, Marco Vettorello, Massimiliano Etteri, Chiara Bonetti, Giancarlo Gini, Massimo Mariani, Vittorio Berruti, Dante Clerici, Chiara Minelli, Italo Nessi, Carlo Maino
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.008
Published in issue: October 2009
xThe objective of the study was to compare the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE) with preserved or impaired left ventricular systolic function with regard to resolution time.
Toshimitsu Ide, Yoshito Kamijo
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.009
Published in issue: October 2009
xThis study was designed to investigate whether interleukin 6 (IL-6) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the early phase of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can be a predictive marker of delayed encephalopathy (DE).
Richard F. Edlich, Catherine L. Cross, Courtney A. Wack, William B. Long III
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.013
Published in issue: October 2009
xDelusions of parasitosis (DP) is a rare psychiatric disorder in which the patient has a firm belief that she or he is infected by parasites. Although it is a psychiatric disorder, these patients often present to an emergency physician because they are convinced that they have a severe skin problem.
Michael E. Winters, Tsuyoshi Mitarai, William J. Brady
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.02.004
Published in issue: October 2009
xBonomo JB, Butler AS, Lindsell CJ, Venkat A. Inadequate provision of postintubation anxiolysis and analgesia in the ED. Am J Emerg Med 2008;26:469-472.
Hsu-Heng Yen, Yang-Yuan Chen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.07.012
Published in issue: October 2009
xWe read with interest the article by Dr Tsai [1] in the American Journal of Emergency of Medicine. The authors describe a 32-year-old man who presented with intra-abdominal hemorrhage and Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Mallory-Weiss syndrome refers to mucosal laceration at the gastroesophageal junction or gastric cardia [2]. Upper endoscopy is now the best tool to diagnose Mallory-Weiss syndrome that typically presents as a cleft-like mucosal defect. Most of the patients are brought to attention because of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Richard B. Rothman, Ed J. Hendricks
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.07.014
Published in issue: October 2009
xA recent case report published in the American Journal of Emergency Medicine[1] described a 48-year-old woman with no significant medical history who developed a myocardial infarction and subsequent ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation. This patient also happened to be taking phentermine, and the authors therefore conclude “that this agent, which is a chemical analogue of the potent amphetamine class of noradrenergic stimulants, may have the ability to promote potentially fatal cardiac outcomes.” We believe that the authors have left the reader with an unbalanced and exaggerated impression that phentermine is a dangerous drug.
Yuen Chi Kit, Lam Ho Yin, Mok Ka Leung, Kan Pui Gay, Wong Yau Tak
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.07.013
Published in issue: October 2009
xWe read with interest the article “Flecainide Overdose Causing a Brugada-Type Pattern on Electrocardiogram in a Previously Well Patient [1]” and would like to raise a few comments. We would take issue with the use of magnesium as the first-line treatment for ventricular tachycardia induced by flecainide overdose and disagree with the authors' comment that administration of sodium bicarbonate is unwarranted. Magnesium is normally the drug of choice for treating torsade de pointes but not ventricular tachycardia induced by sodium channel blocker [2-4].
Jia-How Chang, Te-I Weng, Cheng-Chung Fang
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.11.014
Published in issue: October 2009
xSulpiride, a selective dopamine D2 antagonist and a substituted benzamide derivative, is considered a safe antipsychotic and antidepressant agent with few adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Sulpiride-induced torsades de pointes is rare. We report a case of long QT syndrome and torsades de pointes induced by ingestion of 1.5 g of sulpiride. Ventricular arrhythmia was initially treated with amiodarone, without success. Eventually, lidocaine and magnesium sulfate successfully terminated the ventricular arrhythmia.
Goran Pante Koracevic
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.11.017
Published in issue: October 2009
xVenous thromboembolism (VTE) remains the most common preventable cause of in-hospital death and D-dimer (DD) is one of the essential diagnostic tools for it. Each risk factor for VTE can raise DD and they are numerous: 24 listed in 2008 European Guidelines. Acute coronary syndrome and stroke increase DD concentration, too. Thus, all three most important causes of cardiovascular death are capable of raising DD. Recent evidence suggests DD as a sensitive marker also for acute aortic dissection.
J. Wind, S.C.A.M. Bekkers, L.J.H. van Hooren, L.W.E. van Heurn
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.11.018
Published in issue: October 2009
xWe report a case of a 49-year-old woman with a ruptured liver and spleen found at autopsy, which may have been related to the use of a mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) device (AutoPulse, ZOLL Medical Corporation, Chelmsford, Mass). She was admitted because of an out-of-hospital resuscitation, and under the suspicion of a pulmonary embolism, a thrombolytic agent was administered. Despite prolonged continuation of mechanical CPR, she died of persistent asystole. The evidence for improved outcomes after the use of a mechanical CPR device during resuscitation is still scarce.
Yu-Che Chang, Ching-Hsing Lee, Chiu-Liang Tseng, Jih-Chang Chen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.007
Published in issue: October 2009
xNecrotizing fasciitis is a severe life-threatening soft tissue infection characterized by rapidly spreading necrosis of the fascia and the subcutaneous tissue. Mortality as a result of streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis has been associated with the presence of hypotension, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, or bacteremia in the literature. These infections are rare in children, and the diagnosis should be considered in the presence of any soft tissue infection presenting with signs of toxicity and marked wound edema.
Wasseem Rock, Mazen Elias, Ami Lev, Walid R. Saliba
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.013
Published in issue: October 2009
xNeuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening neurologic emergency that may be caused by neuroleptic agents of any class. The association with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is rare and carries a grave prognosis. We describe the case of a 25-year-old male patient with haloperidol-induced NMS complicated by HHS that culminated in the patient's death despite all treatment efforts. Physicians caring for diabetic psychiatric patients who are treated with neuroleptic agents should be aware of this association that may be prevented by tight glycemic control.
Hung Yi Chen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.016
Published in issue: October 2009
xPheochromocytomas are uncommon catecholamine-secreting tumors. The most common symptoms are of paroxysmal or sustained hypertension, or symptoms of paroxysmal adrenergic stimulation as palpitation, headache, and diaphoresis. The diversity of presentation often delays the diagnosis and is sometimes with catastrophic outcome. It had not been reported that acute myocardial infarction is a complication of ruptured pheochromocytoma. We describe a case with emergency department presented as acute myocardial infarction initially.
Wu Jiun-Ting, Lai Yung-Fa
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.022
Published in issue: October 2009
xAortotracheal fistula is uncommon but invariably fatal if not diagnosed early and accurately. Most fistulas are related to aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. Massive hemoptysis is reported to occur in more than half of the patients and is often the final event. We report a patient with hoarseness as an initial manifestation due to the painless formation of a pseudoaneurysm of aortic arch, which soon ruptured. Bronchoscopy disclosed a tracheal bulging mass with surface irregularity on the distal end of trachea before massive hemoptysis.
Tze Kiong Er, Chein-Hua Chiang, Bin Hong Cheng, Fu Jung Hong, Ching Ping Lee, Miguel ?ngel Ruiz Ginés
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.023
Published in issue: October 2009
xWe present a case of a 39-year-old woman presenting to the emergency department with persistent vaginal bleeding with myoma and endometrium thickness. The qualitative urine human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) showed positive result, however, the quantitative serum hCG had negative result. The negative serum hCG result suggests that the false-positive result was not caused by elevated circulating hCG. According to the urine hCG one-step pregnancy device, 1 mg/dL of hemoglobin may not interference the pregnancy result.
Romain Barthélémy, Vincent Bounes, Vincent Minville, Charles-Henri Houze-Cerfon, Jean-Louis Ducassé
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.024
Published in issue: October 2009
xMechanical ventilation of a critical cardiac tamponade is a high-risk situation that can lead to asystolic cardiac arrest. We report a prehospital mechanical ventilation of a penetrating cardiac injury complicated with tamponade. Onset diagnosis of the circulatory arrest allowed by prehospital continuous ultrasonography led to earlier initiation of the resuscitation and might have favored successful outcome. Electrocardiographic signs are too late to diagnose circulatory arrest.
Olli A. Kajander, Janne Seppänen, Thanos Sioris, Juha Hautalahti, Kjell C. Nikus
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.026
Published in issue: October 2009
xPulmonary arteriovenous malformations are rare, mostly asymptomatic vascular anomalies. These malformations cause direct right to left shunting of unoxygenated blood, resulting chronically in cyanosis, dyspnea, and exercise intolerance. The serious complications reported earlier have mainly been neurologic, for example, cerebrovascular accidents and brain abscesses and are most likely caused by paradoxical embolism. Detection of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations is challenging, and the emergency department personnel play an essential role.
Christopher H. Lee, Charles R. Wira
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.027
Published in issue: October 2009
xMyxedema coma is the most lethal manifestation of hypothyroidism. It is a true medical emergency and can result in profound hemodynamic instability and airway compromise. Myxedema coma currently remains a diagnostic challenge due to the rarity of cases seen today, and failure to promptly initiate therapy with replacement thyroid hormone can be fatal. As thyroid hormone therapy can take days or weeks to reverse the manifestations of myxedema coma, interim supportive therapy is critical while awaiting clinical improvement.
Chia-Chi Wang, Chih-Hsin Lee, Cheng-Yi Chan, Hung-Wei Chen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.028
Published in issue: October 2009
xAcute abdominal pain is one of the most common conditions confronted in the emergency department. Clues related to splenic infarction may be obscured, and the diagnosis is quite challenging even for experienced physicians or surgeons. For every patient diagnosed with splenic infarction, a scrutiny on the possible source of emboli should be carried out. In addition, splenic abscess must be suspected in patients of splenic infarction, especially if the infectious signs persist despite appropriate treatment.
Ataman Kose, Beril Kose, Ayça Açıkalın, Nurullah Gunay, Cuma Yıldırım
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.029
Published in issue: October 2009
xChlorine is one of the most common substances involved in toxic inhalation. Until now, several accidental exposures have been reported. The damage to the respiratory tract in the immediate phase after exposure to chlorine is well defined. Death occurs particularly due to pulmonary edema with respiratory failure and circulatory collapse. On the other hand, no association with myocardial infarction, acute stroke, severe hyperglycemia, and acute chlorine inhalation has been reported in literature. In the present study, an elderly (74-year-old) and diabetic case with myocardial infarction, acute stroke, hyperglycemia, and respiratory failure associated with acute chlorine intoxication after a diagnosis of acute chlorine poisoning and treatment in the emergency department is reported and the literature is revisited.
Ching-Chang Lee, Yen-Yue Lin, Chin-Wang Hsu, Shi-Jye Chu, Shih-Hung Tsai
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.030
Published in issue: October 2009
xZoletil (Telazol) is a fixed-ratio combination of the tranquilizer zolazepam, with the dissociative anesthetic tiletamine, used for injection anesthesia in dogs, cats, wild, and zoo animals. We report a veterinarian who developed movement disorder after abuse of Zoletil for a 2-week period. Phencyclidine derivatives, that is, tiletamine can induce movement disorder in human. Tiletamine/zolazepam can be abused for recreational purpose, especially by those people with easy access to veterinary medications.
Jason D. Heiner
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.031
Published in issue: October 2009
xSpinal epidural hematoma is a rare but potentially devastating complication of spinal manipulation therapy. This is a case report of a healthy pregnant female who presented to the emergency department with a cervical epidural hematoma resulting from chiropractic spinal manipulation therapy that responded to conservative treatment rather than the more common route of surgical management.
Nikolaos S. Salemis
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.032
Published in issue: October 2009
xBacterial translocation (BT) is defined as the passage of viable bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract, across the intestinal wall, to the mesenteric lymph nodes or other extranodal sites and bloodstream. It has been shown in both animal and human studies and has been implicated as a source of sepsis in susceptible patients. Herein, a rare case of acute appendicitis in a nonimmunocompromised patient who presented with manifestations of Klebsiella pneumoniae septicemia, is described. Translocation of Klebsiella pneumoniae through the compromised appendix mucosa leading in dissemination of the infection into the bloodstream was likely the main causative factor for the atypical and toxic presentation of acute appendicitis.
Rainer Gumpert, Sylvia Archan, Veronika Matzi, Freyja-Maria Smolle-Jüttner
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.033
Published in issue: October 2009
xCardiac luxation after blunt trauma is a rare condition that carries a high mortality rate. We report a case of a left pericardial rupture with partial dislocation of the heart into the left pleural cavity and cardiac strangulation in a polytraumatized patient after a severe motor vehicle accident. This case is of special interest because the patient not only had cardiovascular compromise but was also actually in cardiac arrest and being resuscitated when an emergency repositioning of the heart through the diaphragm in the setting of damage control laparotomy restored circulation.
Belen Redondo, Juan R. Gimeno, Eduardo Pinar, Mariano Valdés
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.038
Published in issue: October 2009
xDissection of large and small vessels can be caused by deceleration trauma. Management of dissections is often difficult technically, and invasive interventions are associated with complications. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman admitted with acute coronary syndrome after a car accident and deceleration trauma. The coronary angiogram showed a focal stenotic dissection of the left main and a long nonstenotic dissection of the right coronary artery. Aortography was normal. After a complicated but finally successful angioplasty, the patient developed an abdominal hemorrhagic complication due to her previous trauma, which required urgent laparotomy; spleen was then removed and laceration on liver surface was surgically repaired.
Walid R. Saliba, Wasseem Rock, Mazen Elias
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.040
Published in issue: October 2009
xWe describe a 26-year-old patient with long-standing autoimmune hypothyroidism. She was doing well until she developed Addisonian crisis accompanied by severe metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypokalemia. Subsequently she developed a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia due to QT prolongation secondary to electrolyte imbalance. The association of autoimmune hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency in our patient suggests the diagnosis of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II or Schmidt syndrome.
Wen-I Liao, Yen-Yue Lin, Kai-Hsiung Ko, Shi-Jye Chu, Shih-Hung Tsai
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.01.001
Published in issue: October 2009
xComplicated midgut volvulus is a surgical emergency with high mortality rate if not treated promptly. Most of midgut volvulus in adults is a silent form of congenital midgut malrotation, but it also can be acquired from other medical conditions, such as adhesion bands, tumors, and mesenteric cysts. Posttraumatic mesenteric pseudocysts are rare entities, and the diagnosis tends to be delayed. In reviewing the medical literature, midgut volvulus as a delayed consequence of posttraumatic hemorrhagic mesenteric pseudocyst has never been reported before.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(09)00428-8
Published in issue: October 2009
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(09)00429-X
Published in issue: October 2009
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(09)00430-6
Published in issue: October 2009
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(09)00431-8
Published in issue: October 2009
