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Fig. 1

Patient selection†. Abbreviation: EMR, Emergency Medical Record.

†Inclusion criteria: age ≥ 18 y, EMS SBP < 110 mm Hg, EMS HR > 90 beats/min, EMS RR > 20 beats/min.

Fig. 1

Cumulative 1-year mortality in all patients with chest pain. P < .0001 and P = .0006 for difference between EMS users and non-EMS users in 1986 to 1987 and 2008, respectively. P < .0001 for difference between the 2 periods in both EMS users and non-EMS users.

Figure

Estimated annual life cycle energy requirements of US EMS systems (PJ) (mean, 95% CI).

Abbreviations: PJ, petajoule; ‘Petroleum,’ petroleum and refineries sector; ‘Retail,’ retail trade sector.

Fig. 1

Distribution of time to initial antibiotic administration in the ED according to provision of EMS care. Distribution of data and median values are presented.

Fig. 2

Distribution of time to EGDT initiation in the ED according to provision of EMS care. Distribution of data and median values are presented.

Fig. 4

The effect of prehospital activation on D2R, EMS FC2R, R2R, D2CCL, and D2B.

Figure

All respondents classified at the county level according to whether EMS covers a population that is large metro, small metro, micropolitan, or rural.

Fig. 3

Queen Anne's County EMS system interval metrics before and after opening of the SEC.

Fig. 5

EMS arrivals to the ED, 2001 to 2003. N= 11 hospitals reporting.

Fig. 2

The main system simulation model of the TEMSS (1-tier rescue system). Using the trigger object, entities (event calls) are created in the source object. By specifying the arrival time of 3 shifts, the TimeInt object (method) is activated next. The entities are then sent to the buffer object to await entering the flow control object. The Flow Control object contains the probability distribution of dispatches across the 36 EMS subgroups (units). Based on this probability distribution, each entity is sent to its corresponding dispatcher, 1 of the EMS subgroups (EMS1 to EMS36). The Event Controller object coordinates and synchronizes the different events taking place during a simulation. The reset object (method) reactivates a simulation method. Output, output2, output3, and output4 are the tables that carry the simulation output data. The EMS_Data object is the basic input data for simulation modeling. Set_no object (method) counts the number of entities (event calls) and their sequence. inTime and outTime gather the start and end time of each rescue event segment.

Figure

Study flow chart.

We selected 14 emergency medical services (EMS) teams. In the first part, Group A treated using laryngeal tubes (LT), and Group B treated using laryngeal masks (LM). In the second part, the two groups switched their treatment methods.

Fig. 1

Patients enrolled in the study. Number of patient included and excluded from the study. Traumatic cardiac arrests transferred via EMS were included. Patients younger than 18 years, pronounced death, lost follow-up, and presumed to be nontraumatic etiologies were excluded from the study. ⁎Patients, who were decapitated, incinerated, or decomposed or displayed signs of rigor mortis, were pronounced dead by EMTs. Emergency medical technicians terminated the resuscitation without further transfer.

Fig. 1

Overview of San Mateo EMS pain management protocol.

Fig. 1

Initial radiograph of left hand showing subluxed trapezium.

Fig. 2

Postreduction radiograph of left hand showing reduced trapezium and splinted wrist.

Fig. 1

The total data transferred by EMS to ED personnel in the motor vehicle crash scenario.

Fig

12-Lead ECG performed by EMS prior to transport showing STEMI.

Fig

NIAID/FAAN clinical criteria for the diagnosis of anaphylaxis.

Fig. 2

Receiver operating characteristic curves for derivation and validation subgroups.*.

*AUC derivation, 0.843; AUC validation, 0.820.

Fig. 3

Prescreening flow sheet.