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Fig. 2

Receiver operator characteristic curves for WBC (A) and sPLA2 (B). Secretory phospholipase A2 was a more accurate biomarker of bacterial infection than the WBC count. Three distinct regions are identified as demonstrated by the 3 lines on the curve in B. The slope of the middle section approximates the value of 1, which means that sPLA2 values in this region do very little to alter the pretest probability. The other 2 sections have very high and very low slopes, and values in these ranges alter the pretest probability substantially. Extrapolating from the ROC curve, sPLA2 performs well above the value of 100 ng/mL and below the value of 20 ng/mL.

Fig. 1

Mean serum concentrations of sPLA2 in the study population (A) and in patients with presumed viral (B; n = 60) versus proven bacterial infection (n = 14). The study population (A) included patients ultimately diagnosed with a presumed viral infection (viral; n = 60), urinary tract infection (UTI; n = 12), pneumococcal bacteremia (Bacteremia; n = 2), and KD (n = 1). Serum concentrations of sPLA2 are higher in patients with bacterial infection than in those with viral infection (P < .001). The highest sPLA2 value is identified in a patient with KD.

Figure

A, 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic (18F FDG PET/CT) scan images of a 69-year-old man, demonstrating a mycotic anastomotic aneurysm with abscess formation and a second abscess in the left iliopsoas muscle (arrows).

B, 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic (18F FDG PET/CT) scan images of a 69-year-old man, demonstrating a mycotic anastomotic aneurysm with abscess formation and a second abscess in the left iliopsoas muscle (arrows).

Fig. 1

Contrast-enhanced CT image shows fluid and air collections in the left parapharyngeal space and retropharyngeal space.

Fig. 2

Contrast-enhanced CT image shows fluid and air collections extending to the left infratemporal fossa and frontotemporal scalp.

Fig. 3

Contrast-enhanced coronal CT image shows edema of the subcutaneous fat and collections of gas in the right buccal space and neck area, enlarged parotid and submandibular gland, and enlargement of the right masseter muscle.

Fig. 4

Contrast-enhanced axial CT image shows edema of the subcutaneous fat and collections of gas in the right buccal space and neck area, enlarged parotid and submandibular gland, and enlargement of the right masseter muscle.

Figure

Receiver operating characteristic curve of MED Score.

Fig. 2

Classification of nosocomial infection sources by ALS treatment.

Fig. 3

Classification of community-acquired infection sources by ALS treatment.

Fig. 5

Sensitivity analysis, varying the infection rate of patients transported by other ALS agencies.

Fig. 4

The ROC curve plot of the sensitivity of CRP, WBC count, percentage segmented neutrophils (Segs) and percentage banded neutrophils (Bands) as tests to identify bacterial infection.

Fig. 2

The ROC curve plot of the sensitivity of C-reactive protein as a test identifying for bacterial infection. The hashed lines represent the 95% upper and lower confidence intervals (CI) and the solid line is the true-positive fraction (TPF).

Fig. 1

Infection rates among patients diagnosed with PID.

Fig. 1

Human West Nile virus infections reported from Ohio by onset date (n = 441).

Fig. 2

Interleukin 10 cytokine concentrations. Increased levels of IL-10 among both influenza groups (★) compared with bacterial pneumonia (PNA) and other respiratory infections. Stacked bars are means with error bars depicting 95% confidence intervals.

Fig. 2

Receiver operating characteristic curves for the diagnosis of pulmonary infection with acute LVHF. Area under the curve is 0.986 for LVEF (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.913-1.000; P<.0001), 0.962 for total B-line score (95% CI, 0.875-0.993; P<.0001), and 0.993 (95% CI, 0.923-1.000; P<.0001) for the combination of both.

Fig. 1

Receiver operating characteristic curve for the accuracy of the urine nitrite test for urinary tract infection as a function of total serum bilirubin.

Fig. 1

Group cytokine concentrations. Patients are divided into 3 groups: (1) seasonal influenza, (2) H1N1 influenza, (3) bacterial pneumonia (PNA), and (4) other infection. Cytokines depicted are broken down into IL-4 (A), IL-5 (B), GM-CSF (C), IFNγ (D), and IL-6 (E). Stacked bars are means with error bars depicting 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance highlighted by star (★).

Fig. 3

Distribution of affected body area in osteomyelitis. Four subjects had infection in 2 bone areas and 1 subject had infection in 3 bone areas, for a total of 73 bone areas in 67 subjects.