Preparation of lifeguards to Basic Life Support in the drowning

A lifeguard needs to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the drowning with breath absence as soon as possible, even before taking them out from water [ ]. First Aid/CPR/AED knowledge and skills should be taught during the Lifeguard Candidates (LC) training [ ] rather than later on a first aid course or a qualified first aid course (QFAC). Currently in Poland, one can participate in QFAC even several months after completing the lifeguard training [ ]. The American Red Cross, lifeguarding training provider in the US requires certified refresher First Aid/CPR/AED training every two years [ ]. Research conducted in New Zealand among Professional Lifeguards (PL) indicates that the effectiveness of CPR training is high within 3 months after its completion [ ]. However, Queiroga et al. suggests the first aid refresher once a year before every summer season to improve lifeguard preparation to CPR/AED [ ]. In South Korea and Poland, the lifeguard training system in the first aid differs from that in the UK, the Netherlands and Germany - the countries associated with the International Life Saving Federation (ILS) [ ]. Training system requires standardization in all ILS members.