Epidemiology of elevated blood pressure in the ED Srikar Adhikari, Ross Mathiasen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.08.034
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 11 ,
Published online: August 22 2014
x To determine the prevalence and demographics of elevated blood pressure (BP) in emergency department (ED) patients.
Epidemiology of injuries to wildland firefighters Carla Britton, Charles F. Lynch, Marizen Ramirez, James Torner, Christopher Buresh, Corinne Peek-Asa
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.08.032
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: November 19 2012
x Wildland fires have significant ecologic and economic impact in the United States. Despite the number of firefighters involved in controlling them, little is known about the injuries that they sustain. We hypothesized that the mechanism of injury would predict injury characteristics and severity of fire-related injuries.
Hospital-based ocular emergencies: epidemiology, treatment, and visual outcomes Cindy A. Cheung, Melanie Rogers-Martel, Liliya Golas, Anna Chepurny, James B. Martel, Joseph R. Martel
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.11.015
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 3 ,
Published online: November 18 2013
x Ocular trauma is recognized as the leading cause of unilateral blindness. However, few studies to date have focused on the clinical features of hospital-based ocular emergencies. Effectiveness of trauma centers in treating ocular emergencies was compared with treatment in traditional community hospital emergency departments. Demographics, causes, and nature of ocular emergencies, as well as visual outcome in community hospitals emergency departments and trauma centers, were also examined.
Epidemiology of strain/sprain injuries among cheerleaders in the United States Brenda J. Shields, Gary A. Smith
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.05.014
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 29 , Issue 9 ,
Published online: August 16 2010
x The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of cheerleading-related strain/sprain injuries by type of cheerleading team and type of event.
The pregnant heart: cardiac emergencies during pregnancy Alyson J. McGregor, Rebecca Barron, Karen Rosene-Montella
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.02.046
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 4 ,
Published online: March 6 2015
x Cardiovascular emergencies in pregnant patients are often considered a rare event; however, heart disease as a cause of maternal mortality is steadily increasing.
Upper extremity fractures among hospitalized pediatric road traffic accident victims Guy Rubin, Kobi Peleg, Adi Givon, Israel Trauma Group, Nimrod Rozen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.02.017
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 5 ,
Published online: February 17 2015
x Upper extremity fractures (UEFs) associated with road traffic accidents (RTAs) may result in long-term disability. Previous studies have examined UEF profiles with small patient populations. The objective of this study was to examine the injury profiles of UEFs in all mechanisms of injury related to RTAs in the pediatric population.
ED use by older adults attempting suicide Mary W. Carter, Megan R. Reymann
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.02.003
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: February 12 2014
x The objective of this study was to describe patterns of older adult patient visits to emergency departments (EDs) for self-harm and suicide-related injuries.
Zipline-related injuries treated in US EDs, 1997-2012 Rachael M. Billock, Jonathan J. Anderegg, Tracy J. Mehan, Thiphalak Chounthirath, Gary A. Smith
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.08.022
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 12 ,
Published online: August 14 2015
x To investigate the epidemiology of zipline-related injuries in the United States.
Subject Index
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(11)00516-X
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 29 , Issue 9 ,
Published in issue: November 2011
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Intentional vs Accidental Drowning Patients Seon Hee Woo, Jeong Ho Park, Seung Pill Choi, Jung Hee Wee
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.04.051
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 8 ,
Published online: April 29 2015
x Drowning may happen by accident or as a method of committing suicide. The aim of this study was to determine some characteristics of drowning patients who committed intentionally.
Pediatric acute osteomyelitis in the postvaccine, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus era Kristin Ratnayake, Andrew J. Davis, Lance Brown, Timothy P. Young
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.07.011
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 10 ,
Published online: July 16 2015
x We sought to describe the causative organisms, bones involved, and complications in cases of pediatric osteomyelitis in the postvaccine age and in the era of increasing infection with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Neck collar used in treatment of victims of urban motorcycle accidents: over- or underprotection? Hsing-Lin Lin, Wei-Che Lee, Chao-Wen Chen, Tsung-Ying Lin, Yuan-Chia Cheng, Yung-Sung Yeh, Yen-Ko Lin, Liang-Chi Kuo
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.06.003
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 29 , Issue 9 ,
Published online: October 18 2010
x Cervical collar brace protection of the cervical spine at the scene of the incident is the first priority for emergency medical technicians treating patients who have sustained trauma. However, there is still controversy between over- or underprotection. The objective of this study was to survey the cervical spine injury of lightweight motorcycle accident victims and further evaluate the neck collar protection policy.
Prevalence of facial trauma and associated factors in victims of road traffic accidents Lorena Marques Nóbrega, Gigliana M.S. Cavalcante, Monalyza M.S.M. Lima, Renata C.R. Madruga, Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge, Sérgio d'Avila
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.08.054
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 11 ,
Published online: August 26 2014
x The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of facial trauma among victims of road traffic accidents and investigate factors associated with it.
Hantavirus infection in North America: a clinical review James Hartline, Chris Mierek, Tristan Knutson, Christopher Kang
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.02.001
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: May 15 2013
x The recent outbreak of hantavirus in Yosemite National Park has attracted national attention, with 10 confirmed cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome and thousands of more people exposed. This article will review the epidemiology, presentation, workup, and treatment for this rare but potentially lethal illness. The possibility of infection with hantavirus deserves consideration in patients with severe respiratory symptoms with rodent exposure or rural/wilderness travel. Accurate diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion.
Upper extremity fractures among hospitalized road traffic accident adults Guy Rubin, Kobi Peleg, Adi Givon, Israel Trauma Group, Nimrod Rozen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.11.048
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: December 3 2014
x Upper extremity fractures (UEFs) associated with road traffic accidents (RTAs) may result in long-term disability. Previous studies have examined UEF profiles with small patient populations. The objective of this study was to examine the injury profiles of UEFs in all mechanisms of injury related to RTAs.
An analysis of ED utilization by adults with intellectual disability Arvind Venkat, Rene B. Pastin, Gajanan G. Hegde, John M. Shea, Jeffrey T. Cook, Carl Culig
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.11.009
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 29 , Issue 4 ,
Published online: April 26 2010
x We sought to identify factors increasing the odds of ED utilization among intellectually disabled (ID) adults and differentiate their discharge diagnoses from the general adult ED population.
Diagnostic imaging rates for head injury in the ED and states' medical malpractice tort reforms Rebecca Smith-Bindman, Charles E. McCulloch, Alex Ding, Christopher Quale, Philip W. Chu
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.01.038
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 29 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: July 14 2010
x Physicians' fears of being sued may lead to defensive medical practices, such as ordering nonindicated medical imaging. We investigated the association between states' medical malpractice tort reforms and neurologic imaging rates for patients seen in the emergency department with mild head trauma.
ED management of patients with eating disorders Stacy A. Trent, Maria E. Moreira, Christopher B. Colwell, Philip S. Mehler
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.02.035
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 5 ,
Published online: April 26 2013
x Eating disorders are one of the “great masqueraders” of the twenty-first century. Seemingly healthy young men and women with underlying eating disorders present to emergency departments with a myriad of complaints that are not unique to patients with eating disorders. The challenge for the Emergency Medicine physician is in recognizing that these complaints result from an eating disorder and then understanding the unique pathophysiologic changes inherent to these disorders that should shape management in the emergency department.
Towards a less invasive approach to the early goal-directed treatment of septic shock in the ED Daniele Coen, Francesca Cortellaro, Simone Pasini, Valeria Tombini, Angelica Vaccaro, Lorenzo Montalbetti, Michela Cazzaniga, Daniele Boghi
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.02.011
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: February 19 2014
x Early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) in septic shock defined by Rivers et al was proven to reduce mortality and validated by observational studies. However, criticism is centered in particular on the early requirement of a central venous catheter (CVC) and on central venous pressure (CVP) as an indicator of volume responsiveness. The present study is a pivotal study to investigate the reliability of a less invasive approach, which uses inferior vena cava (IVC) and lung ultrasounds (US) to guide the infusion of fluids and lactate clearance to monitor tissue perfusion.
The use of mechanical ventilation in the ED Benjamin D. Easter, Christopher Fischer, Jonathan Fisher
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2011.09.008
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 7 ,
Published online: November 21 2011
x Although EDs are responsible for the initial care of critically ill patients and the amount of critical care provided in the ED is increasing, there are few data examining mechanical ventilation (MV) in the ED. In addition, characteristics of ED-based ventilation may affect planning for ventilator shortages during pandemic influenza or bioterrorist events. The study examined the epidemiology of MV in US EDs, including demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics; indications for MV; ED length of stay (LOS); and in-hospital mortality.
Stove-related injuries treated in EDs in the United States, 1990-2010 Anita Sivam, Lynne M. Rochette, Gary A. Smith
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.07.034
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 11 ,
Published online: September 16 2013
x Household stoves are a common source of injury in the United States.
Swimming injuries treated in US EDs: 1990 to 2008 Katherine A. Pollard, Bethany L. Gottesman, Lynne M. Rochette, Gary A. Smith
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.01.028
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 5 ,
Published online: March 13 2013
x Swimming is one of the most popular recreational activities in the United States. The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of the complete spectrum of injuries associated with swimming and swimming pools treated in US hospital emergency departments.
Cancer diagnosis and outcomes in Michigan EDs vs other settings Veronica Sikka, Joseph P. Ornato
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.11.029
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: January 19 2011
x This study determined the proportion of incident colorectal and lung cancers with a diagnosis associated with an emergency department (ED) visit. The characteristics of these patients and the correlation between diagnosis near an ED visit and stage at diagnosis were also examined.
Persistent left superior vena cava draining into the pulmonary venous system discovered after central venous catheter placement Boris Elison, Daniel Evans, Thomas Zanders, Rebecca Jeanmonod
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.12.042
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 8 ,
Published online: December 30 2013
x A 54-year-old man with septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome required central venous access for vasopressor administration. He was found to have a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) after central venous catheter placement in his left internal jugular vein. This anatomical variant usually drains into the coronary sinus. Our patient's PLSVC, however, directly anastomosed to the left superior pulmonary vein, with the catheter tip ending in one of the branches of the lingular vein.
Table of Contents
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(14)00043-6
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: March 2014
Kikuchi disease presenting with aseptic meningitis Basem F. Khishfe, Laurie M. Krass, Erik K. Nordquist
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.03.029
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 10 ,
Published online: March 28 2014
x Kikuchi disease is a self-limited disease characterized primarily by regional lymphadenopathy. Kikuchi disease was first described in 1972 as a lymphadenitis with specific histopathologic findings. Extranodal manifestations have been reported, including rare neurologic complications such as aseptic meningitis. This case report discusses a patient who presented to the ED with signs and symptoms suggestive of aseptic meningitis and was ultimately diagnosed with Kikuchi disease. We also review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and laboratory findings typically found in patients with Kikuchi disease.
Mucormycosis: what emergency physicians need to know? Brit Long, Alex Koyfman
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.08.037
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 12 ,
Published online: August 25 2015
x Mucormycosis is a rare presentation for patients in the emergency department (ED), primarily affecting immunocompromised patients. Multiple forms of infection are present, and with poor prognosis, ED diagnosis and treatment of this deadly condition are necessary.
The pathophysiologies of asphyxial vs dysrhythmic cardiac arrest: implications for resuscitation and post-event management Dimitrios Varvarousis, Giolanda Varvarousi, Nicoletta Iacovidou, Ernesto D'Aloja, Anil Gulati, Theodoros Xanthos
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.06.066
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 9 ,
Published online: July 6 2015
x Cardiac arrest is not a uniform condition and significant heterogeneity exists within all victims with regard to the cause of cardiac arrest. Primary cardiac (dysrhythmic) and asphyxial causes together are responsible for most cases of cardiac arrest at all age groups. The purpose of this article is to review the pathophysiologic differences between dysrhythmic and asphyxial cardiac arrest in the prearrest period, during the no-flow state, and after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Etiology of septic arthritis in children: an update for the new millennium Timothy P. Young, Lee Maas, Andrea W. Thorp, Lance Brown
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.04.008
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 29 , Issue 8 ,
Published online: August 5 2010
x We sought to describe the causative organisms and joints involved in cases of pediatric septic arthritis in the post–Haemophilus influenzae type B and post-pneumococcal vaccine age and in the age of increasing infection with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA).
Evaluation of hidden HIV infections in an urban ED with a rapid HIV screening program Yu-Hsiang Hsieh, Gabor D. Kelen, Kaylin J. Beck, Chadd K. Kraus, Judy B. Shahan, Oliver B. Laeyendecker, Thomas C. Quinn, Richard E. Rothman
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.10.002
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 34 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: October 8 2015
x To investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infections in an emergency department (ED) with an established screening program.
Prehospital pain management of injured children: a systematic review of current evidence Nir Samuel, Ivan P. Steiner, Itai Shavit
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.12.012
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 3 ,
Published online: December 18 2014
x Injury is a common cause of acute pain in children. The objective of this study was to analyze the available evidence in prehospital pain management of injured children.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization is not associated with higher rate of admission to pediatric intensive care unit Mohammed Naeem, Esam Al Banyan, Sardar Tanvir Sindhu
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.12.033
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 4 ,
Published online: February 11 2013
x Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization is consistently rising. The question whether the MRSA colonization places the patients at higher risk, requiring higher levels of care when being admitted, has never been studied. We conducted this study to determine the impact of MRSA colonization status on the required level of care upon admission to hospital.
Dynamic ambulance reallocation for the reduction of ambulance response times using system status management Sean Shao Wei Lam, Ji Zhang, Zhong Cheng Zhang, Hong Choon Oh, Jerry Overton, Yih Yng Ng, Marcus Eng Hock Ong
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.10.044
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: November 8 2014
x Dynamically reassigning ambulance deployment locations throughout a day to balance ambulance availability and demands can be effective in reducing response times. The objectives of this study were to model dynamic ambulance allocation plans in Singapore based on the system status management (SSM) strategy and to evaluate the dynamic deployment plans using a discrete event simulation (DES) model.
Table of Contents
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(14)00724-4
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 11 ,
Published in issue: November 2014
Analysis of risk classification for massive transfusion in severe trauma using the gray zone approach Takayuki Ogura, Minoru Nakano, Yoshimitsu Izawa, Mitsunobu Nakamura, Kenji Fujizuka, Alan T. Lefor
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.05.007
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 9 ,
Published online: May 15 2015
x The Traumatic Bleeding Severity Score (TBSS) was developed to predict the need for massive transfusion (MT). The aim of this study is evaluation of clinical thresholds for activation of a MT protocol using the gray zone approach based on TBSS.
Prevalence of validated risk factors for developing atrial fibrillation—can we identify high-risk ED patients? Tyler W. Barrett, Stephanie A. Couch, Cathy A. Jenkins, Alan B. Storrow
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2011.09.019
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 8 ,
Published online: November 21 2011
x The aim of this study was to investigate whether emergency department (ED) patients who were newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) displayed risk factors for incident AF on prior ED visits.
Table of Contents
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(12)00628-6
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: February 2013
ED visits for drug-related poisoning in the United States, 2007 Yuxi Xiang, Weiyan Zhao, Huiyun Xiang, Gary A. Smith
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.11.031
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: March 3 2011
x Fatal drug-related poisoning has been well described. However, death data only show the tip of the iceberg of drug-related poisoning as a public health problem. Using the 2007 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, this study described the characteristics of emergency department visits for drug-related poisoning in the United States.
Cardiac arrest caused by acute intoxication—insight from a registry David Hörburger, Istepan Kurkciyan, Fritz Sterz, Andres Schober, Mathias Stöckl, Peter Stratil, Thomas Uray, Christoph Testori, and others
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.07.005
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 10 ,
Published online: September 9 2013
x The aim of the study was to evaluate the epidemiology and outcome after cardiac arrest caused by intoxication.
Assessment of the Framingham risk factors among ED patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation Tyler W. Barrett, Alan B. Storrow, Cathy A. Jenkins, Frank E. Harrell Jr., John Amdahl, Stephan Russ, Corey M. Slovis, Dawood Darbar
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.11.018
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 1 ,
Published online: January 5 2011
x Atrial fibrillation (AF) is often first diagnosed in the emergency department (ED) and accounts for nearly 1% of all emergency department (ED) visits. Our objective was to assess the Framingham Heart Study risk score for AF development in ED patients with newly diagnosed AF.
Is inadequate human immunodeficiency virus care associated with increased ED and hospital utilization? A prospective study in human immunodeficiency virus–positive ED patients T. Rinda Soong, Julianna J. Jung, Gabor D. Kelen, Richard E. Rothman, Avanthi Burah, Judy B. Shahan, Yu-Hsiang Hsieh
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2011.11.020
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 8 ,
Published online: January 13 2012
x There is a lack of data on the effect(s) of suboptimal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care on subsequent health care utilization among emergency department (ED) patients with HIV. Findings on their ED and inpatient care utilization patterns will provide information on service provision for those who have suboptimal access to HIV-related care.
An example of extreme cardiology: chest pain on the high seas and helicoptered medical evacuations: The French Navy experience Ulric Vinsonneau, Christiane Cavel, Christophe Bombert, Laurent Lely, Nicolas Paleiron, Claude Vergez-Larrouget, Jean-Christophe Cornily, Philippe Castellant, and others
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2011.10.013
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 8 ,
Published online: December 28 2011
x Medicalized high sea rescue is very different from prehospital medical evacuation. It requires specifically trained medical teams because the difficulties are marine, aerial, and medically related. The French Navy provides medical evacuations by helicopter on the Atlantic coast, up to 320 km offshore and under all weather conditions. The epidemiology of acute chest pain in the high seas has been poorly described. Therefore, in this retrospective study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and constraints found in the management of these emergencies.
Life-threatening hypocalcemia associated with denosumab in a patient with moderate renal insufficiency Patompong Ungprasert, Wisit Cheungpasitporn, Narat Srivali, Wonngarm Kittanamongkolchai, Edward F. Bischof
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.11.011
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 4 ,
Published online: February 11 2013
x Denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody to the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand, is a novel therapy to osteoporotic fracture and skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastases. Hypocalcemia is its known adverse effect, although it is generally mild and transient and usually occurs in patients with severe chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease. We reported a case 61-year-old woman who received a single dose of denosumab and developed severe symptomatic hypocalcemia associated with prolong QTc interval requiring hospitalization for intravenous calcium.
Contents
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(11)00448-7
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 29 , Issue 9 ,
Published in issue: November 2011
Nonskeletal cervical spine injuries; epidemiology and diagnostic pitfalls: Demetriades D, Charalambides K, Chahwan S, et al. J Trauma 2000;48:724–727.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(01)80155-8
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 19 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 2001
Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics—a primer for clinical investigators and decision-makers: Michael S. Kramer. Springer-Verlag, 1991 Bernard L Lopez
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(95)90258-9
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 13 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: January 1995
Changing epidemiology and management of infectious diseases in US EDs Amir M. Mohareb, Andrea F. Dugas, Yu-Hsiang Hsieh
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2016.03.024
Publication stage: In Press Corrected Proof
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
Published online: March 11 2016
x The rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is believed to have influenced the emergency department (ED) epidemiology and management of infectious diseases (IDs) since 2000.
Aortic dissection Andrzej T Dmowski, Martin J Carey
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(99)90090-6
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 17 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1999
x The presentation of aortic dissection in the emergency department may be more subtle than the classic description of a shocked patient with “ripping” chest pain. The epidemiology, variation in presentation, investigation, and management of aortic dissection are reviewed.
Human rabies: A review Robert H. Baevsky, Joel M. Bartfield
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(93)90142-X
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 11 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: May 1993
x Human rabies is a rarely observed but frequently prophylaxed disease in North America. Presented in this review is a typical emergency department case and a summary of the epidemiology of the rabies virus, its clinical appearances, diagnosis, and management. Emphasis is placed on issues pertinent to the emergency physician practicing in the United States. Current recommendations for the administration of both active and passive immunotherapy for preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis are discussed.
Initiating a surveillance system for childhood injuries Douglas A. Boenning
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(88)90160-X
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 6 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1988
x Important considerations in establishing a surveillance system for pediatric injuries are described. At the start of surveillance, issues such as the purpose of the surveillance project, preferred methods for gathering information, optimum sites, appropriate populations, and requirements for data storage and analysis should be addressed. Since the epidemiology of childhood injuries is different from adult patterns, some specific challenges of pediatric injury surveillance are highlighted.
Dog bites in children: Epidemiology, microbiology, and penicillin prophylactic therapy Douglas A. Boenning, Gary R. Fleisher, Joseph M. Campos
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(83)90032-3
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 1 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: July 1983
x Fifty-five children with nonfacial dog bites were prospectively studied. Patients were assigned to an experimental group receiving oral penicillin or a control group receiving local wound care only. Wounds were cultured for anaerobic and aerobic flora prior to cleansing. Results showed that most children were bitten on an extremity by a familiar dog, sustained simple injuries, and sought prompt medical attention. The overall infection rate was 3.6%, with one patient in each group developing an infection.
Management of local burn wounds in the ED Adam J. Singer, John Brebbia, Harry H. Soroff
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2006.12.008
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 25 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: July 2007
x Each year there are over 500,000 burns that present to the emergency department (ED). Most burns are minor, and their care focuses on local wound management. The current article will present a typical case and then review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of minor burns in the ED.
National epidemiology of cutaneous abscesses: 1996 to 2005 Breena R. Taira, Adam J. Singer, Henry C. Thode Jr, Christopher C. Lee
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.02.027
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 27 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: March 2009
x Little has been reported regarding the national epidemiology of cutaneous abscesses. We examined the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) national estimates of all emergency department (ED) visits from 1996 to 2005 to determine the trend and the epidemiology of ED abscess visits.
Cardiac arrests witnessed by EMS personnel in a multitiered system: Epidemiology and outcome Markku Kuisma, Teuvo Määttä, Jukka Repo
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(98)90058-4
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 16 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: January 1998
x The purpose of the study was to determine the epidemiology and the etiology of cardiac arrests witnessed by emergency medical services (EMS) personnel and the survival from resuscitation according to the Utstein style. Consecutive prehospital cardiac arrests witnessed by EMS personnel in the Helsinki City EMS system between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 1995 were included in this prospective cohort study. A total of 809 cardiac arrests were registered during the study period, 108 (13.3%) of which were EMS-witnessed.
Epidemiology of balcony fall–related injuries, United States, 1990-2006 Brenda J. Shields, Elizabeth Burkett, Gary A. Smith
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.08.023
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 29 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: March 26 2010
x Falls from heights are common in urban areas in the United States. This study describes the epidemiology of balcony fall–related injuries requiring emergency department (ED) treatment among children and adults in the United States from 1990 through 2006.
Acute thrombotic disorders Joanne G. Kuntz, Justin D. Cheesman, Robert D. Powers
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2006.01.009
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 24 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 2006
x The acquired hypercoagulable states are responsible for a broad range of thrombotic and thromboembolic disorders. Symptoms and signs of acute ischemia or organ dysfunction will lead many of these patients to seek care in EDs. Proper diagnosis and therapy must be based on an understanding of epidemiology and pathophysiology. Immediate anticoagulation with heparin may not always be the treatment of choice; careful analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters is necessary to arrive at the safest and most effective course of action.
ED management of cellulitis: A review of five urban centers Sandy L. Dong, Karen D. Kelly, Ryan C. Oland, Brian R. Holroyd, Brian H. Rowe
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2001.28330
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 19 , Issue 7 ,
Published in issue: November 2001
x Cellulitis is a common problem presenting to the emergency department (ED). This study examines the epidemiology of cellulitis in 5 Canadian urban EDs and determines the practice variation in this management among sites. From computerized provincial ED diagnosis information, 10% of cellulitis charts from April 1, 1997 to March 31, 1998 were randomly selected for review. All 5 EDs in one urban region were sampled; physicians were unaware of the study when seeing patients. A standardized audit form was used to collect information pertaining to visits for the incident infection case.
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pyomyositis complicated by compartment syndrome in an immunocompetent young woman Brian K. Shedek, Eric James Nilles
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.11.034
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 26 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: July 2008
x Pyomyositis is a bacterial infection of skeletal muscle common in the tropics. Pyomyositis has historically been rare in temperate regions. However, the epidemiology is changing, and over the past decade, the number of cases in the United States and Europe has increased significantly. One major factor appears to be the increase in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections. This pathogen now accounts for most of the skin and soft tissue infections throughout much of the United States.
Survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest before and after use of advanced postresuscitation care: A survey focusing on incidence, patient characteristics, survival, and estimated cerebral function after postresuscitation care Louise Martinell, Malena Larsson, Angela Bång, Thomas Karlsson, Jonny Lindqvist, Ann-Britt Thorén, Johan Herlitz
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.01.042
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 28 , Issue 5 ,
Published online: February 8 2010
x Knowledge of the epidemiology of postresuscitation care is insufficient. We describe the epidemiology of postresuscitation care in a community from a 26-year perspective, focusing on incidence, patient characteristics, survival, and estimated cerebral function in relation to intensified postresuscitation care and initial arrhythmia.
Tularemia: Emergency department presentation of an infrequently recognized disease Robert E. Harrell Jr., Gary R. Whitaker
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(85)90201-3
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 3 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1985
x Tularemia is an uncommon, highly communicable disease occurring with seasonal regularity in endemic parts of the United States. The varied signs and symptoms may confound the unwary physician. Two cases are reported illustrating the ulceroglandular and ingestion forms of the disease. Septic (typhoidal), oculoglandular, pleuropulmonary, glandular, and oropharyngeal forms also are described. Knowledge of the epidemiology and a high index of suspicion should lead the examining physician to ask revealing questions.
Sexual assault in postmenopausal women: epidemiology and patterns of genital injury Jeffrey S. Jones, Linda Rossman, Renae Diegel, Phyllis Van Order, Barbara N. Wynn
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.010
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 27 , Issue 8 ,
Published in issue: October 2009
x Physical abuse of older women, including reports of sexual assault, has risen rapidly for the last decade. The purpose of this study was to compare a group of postmenopausal victims of sexual assault with younger adult women (18-39 years old) by examining patient demographics, assault characteristics, and patterns of physical injury.
Epidemiology of blunt head injury victims undergoing ED cranial computed tomographic scanning James F. Holmes, Gregory W. Hendey, Jennifer A. Oman, Valerie C. Norton, Gerald Lazarenko, Steven E. Ross, Jerome R. Hoffman, William R. Mower, and others
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2005.08.009
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 24 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 2006
x We sought to describe the epidemiology of emergency department (ED) patients with blunt head injury undergoing cranial computed tomography (CT) scanning for the evaluation of possible traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Sepsis in the 21st century: recent definitions and therapeutic advances H. Bryant Nguyen, Dustin Smith
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2006.08.015
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 25 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: June 2007
x Sepsis as a disease has received renewed interests since recent publications of a revised clinical definition and crucial clinical trials showing the benefits of early goal-directed resuscitation, recombinant human activated protein C, and low-dose corticosteroids. The epidemiology of sepsis has also been further examined. Management guidelines and international quality improvement efforts have been developed targeting increased disease identification, clinician education, and optimal patient care with the result of decreasing patient mortality.
The 1996 New York blizzard: Impact on noninjury emergency visits Kim M Blindauer, Carol Rubin, Dale L Morse, Michael McGeehin
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(99)90008-6
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 17 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: January 1999
x The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the January 1996 New York blizzard on emergency visits to 12 Suffolk County hospitals for 10 noninjury health conditions. Emergency charts from the blizzard week (January 7–11) and a nonblizzard week (January 21–25) were reviewed and information was abstracted from the records meeting the criteria. Blizzard conditions were associated with increased visits for myocardial infarction/angina, primarily shoveling-related, and with decreased visits for asthma.
Characteristics and outcomes of injury-related ED visits among older adults Mary W. Carter, Shalini Gupta
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.05.033
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 26 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: March 2008
x The objectives of this study were to examine the epidemiology of injury among older adults treated in emergency departments (EDs) and to explore the effect of advanced age and nursing home residence on associated outcomes.
The arrival of the ED-based POISINDEX: Perceived impact on poison control center use Paul M. Wax, Lance Rodewald, Ruth Lawrence
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(94)90273-9
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 12 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1994
x The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of emergency department-based POISINDEX (Micromedex Inc, Denver, CO) and assess its perceived impact on use of poison control centers. Survey methodology was used. A written questionnaire was distributed to all emergency departments (EDs) in the state of New York. ED directors or their designee (n = 239) were surveyed regarding the presence of POISINDEX in their ED and their perceptions of its impact on ED use of poison control centers. Completed questionnaires were returned from 180 of 239 (75%) EDs.
Epidemiology of adverse effects of prehospital sedation analgesia Agnes Ricard-Hibon, Charlotte Chollet, Vanessa Belpomme, FranÇois-Xavier Duchateau, Jean Marty
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(03)00095-0
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 21 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: October 2003
x The aim of this study was to introduce a continuous monitoring of side effects related to sedation-analgesia in the field. A document was completed by physicians on board the ambulances for all prehospital interventions and checked daily by the medical staff. A total of 3605 interventions were evaluated over a 12-month period. Six hundred four patients undertook analgesia and/or sedation: group 1 (spontaneously breathing patients) n = 289 and group 2 (intubated-ventilated patients) n = 315. Sixty-four percent of patients received intravenous opioids in group 1.
Abdominal pain in the ED: Stability and change over 20 years Robert D Powers, Andrew T Guertler
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(95)90204-X
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 13 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: May 1995
x Abdominal pain (AP) is a common presenting complaint in emergency department (ED) patients. A 1972 study reported that unsupervised surgical residents in a university hospital ED were unable to make a specific diagnosis in 41% of 1,000 AP patients. In the intervening time, ED availability of diagnostic technology has increased, and the reference hospital acquired full-time emergency medicine (EM) faculty. To assess what changes occurred in the evaluation and epidemiology of AP, a similar study was done at the same hospital.
Numerators, denominators, and survival rates: Reporting survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest Mickey S. Eisenberg, Richard O. Cummins, Mary Pat Larsen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(91)90108-V
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 9 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: November 1991
x This study demonstrates the effect of different denominators on the survival rate from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We retrospectively analyzed data from a cardiac arrest surveillance system in King County, Washington during the years 1976 to 1988, and calculated survival rates using eight different definitions of denominators. The eight survival rates ranged from 16% to 49% discharge from hospital. The denominator for the lowest survival rate included all cases of cardiac arrest for whom emergency medical services personnel started cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Malaria in an urban emergency department: Epidemiology and diagnostic features of 25 cases Charles J. DiMaggio, Joseph D'Addesio
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(91)90055-O
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 9 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1991
x This article presents a retrospective study of 25 patients diagnosed with malaria in an urban emergency department (ED) between June 1986 and June 1989. The mean annual case rate of malaria in this study group was more than three times the national rate. This may be ascribed to the notable ethnic diversity of the population. A history of travel to an area endemic for malaria was eventually elicited from all patients. The most common chief complaint was fever (56%) followed by abdominal pain (12%).
EMS characteristics in an Asian metroplis Sheng-Chuan Hu, Jeffrey Tsai, Yun-Lin Lu, Chung-Fu Lan
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(96)90022-4
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 14 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: January 1996
x A prospective citywide cohort study was conducted from August 1, 1993, through May 31, 1994 to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of emergency medical services (EMS) in an Asian city. Of 5,459 studied cases, the leading 3 causes were trauma (49.7%), alcohol intoxication (8.6%), and altered mental status (AMS) (6.9%). Half of the studied cases needed no prehospital care and 16.4% needed advanced life support (ALS) care. Traffic accidents accounted for 68% of trauma cases. Of 897 cases requiring ALS care, the two most common causes were AMS and dead on arrival (DOA) (32.1% and 21.2% in medical group, 10.1% and 4.5% in trauma group, respectively).
The epidemiology and early clinical features of West Nile virus infection Jacek M. Mazurek, Kim Winpisinger, Barbara J. Mattson, Rosemary Duffy, Ronald L. Moolenaar
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2004.11.005
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 23 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 2005
x We studied early clinical features of the West Nile virus (WNV) infection. Case patients were Ohio residents who reported to the Ohio Department of Health from August 14 to December 31, 2002, with a positive serum or cerebrospinal fluid for anti–WNV IgM. Of 441 WNV cases, medical records of 224 (85.5%) hospitalized patients were available for review. Most frequent symptoms were fever at a temperature of 38.0°C or higher (n = 155; 69.2%), headache (n = 114; 50.9%), and mental status changes (n = 113; 50.4%).
Serious winter sport injuries in children and adolescents requiring hospitalization Elisabeth Guenther Skokan, Edward P. Junkins Jr, Howard Kadish
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2003.50032
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 21 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 2003
x To describe the epidemiology of serious winter sports-related injuries resulting in hospitalization in children and adolescents, we prospectively collected and analyzed records of all winter sports-related injuries requiring hospitalization at our respective institutions from 1996 to 2000. We identified 101 patients with a mean age of 10.7 years, of whom 68% were male and 32% female. Skiers accounted for 71% and snowboarders 26% of injuries; 3% of injuries were snowmobile-or luge-related. Leading mechanisms of injury were ground level falls (50%), crashes into trees, (18%), and falls from ski lift (13%).
Throw rug-related injuries treated in US EDs: are children the same as adults? Zlata Vlodaver, Henry W. Ortega, Joseph Arms, Heidi Vander Velden, Gary A. Smith
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.09.024
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 12 ,
Published online: September 25 2014
x Various characteristics of floors and floor coverings are well established as injury hazards. Loose carpeting, such as rugs, is often cited as a hazard leading to injury.
Hyponatremia in the emergency department Chien-Te Lee, How-Ran Guo, Jin-Bor Chen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(00)90118-9
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 18 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: May 2000
x Hyponatremia is a clinical manifestation of a wide variety of diseases, some of which have high mortality rates. To assess the prevalence, cause, and prognosis of hyponatremia encountered in the emergency department, we conducted a prospective study at a major hospital in southern Taiwan. We included all adult internal medicine patients treated in the emergency department during a 2-month period. Hyponatremia was defined as a serum sodium level below 134 mEq/L, and cases patients were followed till being discharged.
Health care–associated pneumonia: identification and initial management in the ED Fredrick M. Abrahamian, Peter M. DeBlieux, Charles L. Emerman, Marin H. Kollef, Eric Kupersmith, Kenneth V. Leeper Jr., David L. Paterson, Andrew F. Shorr
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.03.015
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 26 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: July 2008
x Traditionally, pneumonia is categorized by epidemiologic factors into community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Microbiologic studies have shown that the organisms which cause infections in HAP and VAP differ from CAP in epidemiology and resistance patterns. Patients with HAP or VAP are at higher risk for harboring resistant organisms. Other historical features that potentially place patients at a higher risk for being infected with resistant pathogens and organisms not commonly associated with CAP include history of recent admission to a health care facility, residence in a long-term care or nursing home facility, attendance at a dialysis clinic, history of recent intravenous antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy, and wound care.
The sky is a limit: Errors in prehospital diagnosis by flight physicians Shai Linn, Nachshon Knoller, Christopher G Giligan, Uri Dreifus
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(97)90025-5
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 15 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: May 1997
x The medical records and air evacuation reports of 186 trauma patients were examined to determine the type and characteristics of missed diagnoses. More than 35% of all cases of hypovolemic shock were not identified, nor were two cases of respiratory distress. Although unconsciousness was always identified correctly, almost 7% of all cases with partial unconsciousness were not recorded. Of 443 diagnoses, 337 were correctly recorded by the flight physician, slightly more than 76%. The flight physicians missed 10 critical diagnoses, all of which were feasible, 56 important diagnoses, 42 of which were feasible, and 40 relatively marginal diagnoses, 27 of which were feasible.
Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest caused by self-inflicted intoxication: a multicenter retrospective cohort study Han Joon Kim, Gi Woon Kim, Sang Hoon Oh, Sang Hyun Park, Jae Hyung Choi, Kyung Hwan Kim, Woo Chan Jeon, Hui Jai Lee, and others
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.08.045
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 11 ,
Published online: August 26 2014
x The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of patients with therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) caused by self-inflicted intoxication.
Elderly use of the ED in an Asian metropolis Sheng-Chuan Hu, David Yen, Ya-Cheng Yu, Wei-Fong Kao, Li-Min Wang
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(99)90029-3
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 17 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: January 1999
x To compare emergency department (ED) use by elderly patients (age 65 yrs or older) with that by younger adult patients (age 15–64 yrs), a prospective consecutive chart review study was conducted from August 1, 1995 through May 31, 1996 in eight designated hospitals in Taipei city (which has 2.6 million residents, 8.4% of whom are 65 yrs or older). Patient age, sex, mode of arrival, living status, triage category, advanced life support (ALS) eligibility, referral, confinement to bed, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, impression, trauma mechanism, and disposition were recorded and compared between the two groups.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in an oriental metropolitan city Sheng-Chuan Hu
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(94)90071-X
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 12 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1994
x To investigate the epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Taipei City, Taiwan, a prospective chart review and follow-up study was conducted by collecting the prehospital cardiac arrest record from 10 designated responsible emergency departments (EDs) from August 1, 1992 through May 31, 1993. Cases with the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were followed up until discharged from hospital. The information gathered included age, sex, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, response time (time elapsed from receiving the call to arrival on the scene), advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) time (time elapsed from receiving the call to arrival at the ED), initial cardiac rhythm in the ED, ROSC, survival to discharge from the hospital, underlying disease, past history, personal history, and neurological outcome at discharge.
Reliability of data sources for poisoning deaths in Massachusetts Arnold R. Soslow, Alan D. Woolf
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(92)90043-W
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 10 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 1992
x The authors analyzed poisoning-related deaths in Massachusetts from 1986 and 1987 recorded in three datasets: poison center records, death certificates, and state medical examiner's office records. While 714 such deaths were found, 551 of these were prehospital deaths recorded within the medical examiner's office but not by the poison center. The poison center was not consulted in over 47% of the poisoning deaths occurring in Massachusetts hospitals. Conversely, 15% of deaths were reported to the poison center but were not found either in death certificate or medical examiner records.
Softball injuries treated in US EDs, 1994 to 2010 John C. Birchak, Lynne M. Rochette, Gary A. Smith
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.02.039
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: April 19 2013
x Softball is a popular participant sport in the United States. This study investigated the epidemiology of softball injuries with comparisons between children and adults.
Comparison of sexual assaults by strangers versus known assailants in a community-based population Jeffrey S. Jones, Barbara N. Wynn, Boyd Kroeze, Chris Dunnuck, Linda Rossman
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2004.07.020
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 22 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: October 2004
x The medical literature has generally supported the view that sexual assaults by strangers are more serious and more violent than assaults by people known to the victims. This retrospective study was conducted to compare characteristics of sexual assaults by strangers and those by people known to the victims in a community-based population of women. Study patients were consecutive female patients, age 13 years or older, presenting to a sexual assault clinic during a 40-month study period. The clinic is associated with a university-affiliated emergency medicine residency program and is staffed by forensic nurses trained to perform medical-legal examinations using colposcopy with nuclear staining.
Microwave oven-related injuries treated in hospital EDs in the United States, 1990 to 2010 Dana F. Thambiraj, Thiphalak Chounthirath, Gary A. Smith
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.03.023
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: April 22 2013
x The widespread availability of microwave ovens has sparked interest in injuries resulting from their use.
Medical aspects of commercial air travel Robert Shesser
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(89)90142-3
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 7 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 1989
x Commercial airline travel is so fast and easy that it attracts many people with significant underlying chronic disease. Although most airlines claim no ill effects from the stresses of air travel, airlines that fly longer routes tend to report a higher incidence of in-flight emergencies and sudden deaths than those that fly shorter routes. Reasons for these differences are discussed. The Federal Aviation Administration has recently upgraded the first aid kits carried by the airlines. Airlines must now report all untoward medical incidents to the government; this policy will permit the collection of better data concerning the true incidence of in-flight emergencies.
Assaults from penetrating trauma in the State of Illinois John L Zautcke, Ralph W Morris, Max Koenigsberg, Tom Carmody, Leslie Stein-Spencer, Timothy B Erickson
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(98)90216-9
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 16 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: October 1998
x This study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence, epidemiology, and temporal relationships of assaults in the State of Illinois from penetrating trauma presenting to Level I and Level II trauma centers, and to project the impact of these variables on hospital staffing. A retrospective analysis was performed on 4 months of data (7/1/92 to 10/31/92) provided by the Illinois Department of Public Health describing consecutive assaults with firearms or knives presenting to all Level I and Level II trauma facilities in the State of Illinois.
Prognostic determinants of community-acquired bloodstream infection in type 2 diabetic patients in ED Chia-Hung Yo, Meng-Tse Gabriel Lee, Weng-Tein Gi, Shy-Shin Chang, Kuang-Chau Tsai, Shyr-Chyr Chen, Chien-Chang Lee
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.08.071
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 12 ,
Published online: August 29 2014
x The objective of the study is to describe the epidemiology and outcome of community-acquired bloodstream infection (BSI) in type 2 diabetic patients in emergency department (ED).
Ophthalmic diagnoses in the ED: herpes zoster ophthalmicus William P. Carter III, Carl A. Germann, Michael R. Baumann
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.08.013
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 26 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: June 2008
x The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of herpes zoster ophthalmicus in the emergency department is discussed with an emphasis on the identification of the numerous potential ocular complications. Emergency physicians need to be able to recognize the clinical features of herpes zoster ophthalmicus and initiate appropriate therapy and referral.
Prehospital opiate emergencies in Vienna D Seidler, C Woisetschlaeger, A Schmeiser-Rieder, M.M Hirschl, A Kaff, A.N Laggner
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(96)90069-8
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 14 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1996
x To establish baseline data on prehospital emergencies caused by opiates during a 4-month period, a retrospective analysis of run records of the Emergency Medical System in Vienna, the capital of Austria, was conducted. During the study period, there were 308 opioid emergencies involving 240 persons, an average of 2.5 overdoses per day. Severely compromised patients were treated in 67.8% of the 308 emergencies, and 79.3% of emergencies were transported to hospital; 52.5% of the involved persons were younger than 22 years of age.
Effect of season, age, and gender on renal colic incidence Veena Chauhan, Barnet Eskin, John R. Allegra, Dennis G. Cochrane
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2004.08.016
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 22 , Issue 7 ,
Published in issue: November 2004
x Our objective was to examine the effect of ambient temperature, age, and gender on the incidence of emergency department (ED) renal colic visits. We retrospectively analyzed a database of 15 New Jersey EDs from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2002. We analyzed the number of renal colic visits as a fraction of total visits in monthly intervals. We used the Chi-squared test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, with P <.05 taken as statistically significant. Of the 3.5 million patient visits in the database, 30,358 (0.9%) had renal colic.
ED visits by males with hemophilia Rachelle Nuss, Richard Hoffman, Lucinda Hammond
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2002.30098
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 20 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 2002
x Hemophilia is a rare disorder affecting 1 in 5,000 males. Because hemophilia-associated hemorrhage may occur at anytime, affected males frequently seek care in the ED. We studied the epidemiology of ED visits by males with hemophilia. The medical records of all identified Coloradan males with hemophilia who sought care in Colorado EDs in 1998 were reviewed. Fifty-one males with hemophilia had a total of 125 ED visits; hemorrhage accounted for 64.8% of visits (95% CI[equals]55.6, 73.1). On 13.0% (95% CI[equals]6.4, 22.6) of visits for hemorrhage, treatment was warranted, but not given.
The high prevalence of pain in emergency medical care William H. Cordell, Kelly K. Keene, Beverly K. Giles, James B. Jones, James H. Jones, Edward J. Brizendine
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2002.32643
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 20 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: May 2002
x Although there is a widely held belief that pain is the number 1 complaint in emergency medical care, few studies have actually assessed the prevalence of pain in the emergency department (ED). We conducted an analysis of secondary data by using explicit data abstraction rules to determine the prevalence of pain in the ED and to classify the location, origin, and duration of the pain. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at an urban teaching hospital in Indianapolis, IN. Charts from 1,665 consecutive ED visits during a 7-day period were reviewed.
A preliminary epidemiological study of the patient population visiting an urban ED in the Republic of China Yu Liu, Bo Zhang, Wen Fu, Jiguang Li, Bonnie Singal, Glenn C. Hamilton
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(94)90252-6
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 12 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 1994
x The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the patient population of an urban emergency department (ED) in The People's Republic of China. A prospective observational study was conducted at a university-affiliated hospital adult ED medical unit and included all patients visiting the medical unit of the ED during a 2-week period. A data collection log was designed and placed in the ED. Data were recorded by the attending ED physician for all patients presenting during the study period.
Erratum
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(87)90174-4
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 5 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: November 1987
Survival following extreme carboxyhemoglobin elevation Neil B. Hampson
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2016.03.035
Publication stage: In Press Corrected Proof
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
Published online: March 16 2016
x I read with great interest the article by Kaya and co-workers, “Carboxyhemoglobin levels predict the long-term development of acute myocardial infarction in carbon monoxide poisoning” [1]. They observed that 100 of 1013 consecutive patients presenting to their emergency department in Turkey with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning experienced acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during an average follow-up of fifty-six months after the event. While I am unable to explain their observation, I was struck by the degree of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) elevation described in their patients.
Traumatic brain injuries and computed tomography use in pediatric sports participants Todd Glass, Richard M. Ruddy, Elizabeth R. Alpern, Marc Gorelick, James Callahan, Lois Lee, Mike Gerardi, Kraig Melville, and others
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.06.069
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 10 ,
Published online: July 6 2015
x Childhood sports-related head trauma is common, frequently leading to emergency department (ED) visits. We describe the spectrum of these injuries and trends in computed tomography (CT) use in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network.
Emergency medicine procedures manual: Thomas C. Kravis, Carmen G. Warner, and Lentworth M. Jacobs, Jr., editors. Raven Press, 1994 Michael Gerardi
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(95)90257-0
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 13 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: January 1995
Syncope prevalence in the ED compared to general practice and population: a strong selection process Louise R.A. Olde Nordkamp, Nynke van Dijk, Karin S. Ganzeboom, Johannes B. Reitsma, Jan S.K. Luitse, Lukas R.C. Dekker, Win-Kuang Shen, Wouter Wieling
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.02.022
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 27 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: March 2009
x We assessed the prevalence and distribution of the different causes of transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) in the emergency department (ED) and chest pain unit (CPU) and estimated the proportion of persons with syncope in the general population who seek medical attention from either their general practitioner or the ED/CPU.
Right lower quadrant pain in an adult woman Ashley C. Mull, Timothy R. Hurtado
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.01.039
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 29 , Issue 1 ,
Published online: April 28 2010
x Lower abdominal pain is a common complaint among women presenting to the emergency department. We discuss the unusual case of a 41-year-old female nurse with right lower quadrant pain ultimately found to be caused by an incarcerated spigelian hernia. Several other possible etiologies were entertained, including ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian torsion, and appendicitis. The case report covers the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and complications of spigelian hernia with a view to assisting emergency physicians in the timely recognition and management of this rare but potentially life-threatening condition.
“Irreducible” nursemaid's elbow Jeffrey Jones, Brian Cote
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(95)90152-3
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 13 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1995
