Are paramedics able to confirm endotracheal tube placement using ultrasonography?
Zenon Truszewski, PhD, MD
Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Silvia Samarin, PhD, MD
Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
Łukasz Czyzewski, PhD
Department of Nephrologic Nursing, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Togay Evrin, PhD, MD
Department of Emergency Medicine, UFuK University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
Łukasz Szarpak

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, PhDŁukasz Szarpak
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Correspondence
- Corresponding author at: Department of Nephrologic Nursing, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4 Str, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland. Tel.: +48 696457655 (mobile).

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Łukasz Szarpak
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Correspondence
- Corresponding author at: Department of Nephrologic Nursing, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4 Str, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland. Tel.: +48 696457655 (mobile).

Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Article Info
Publication History
Published Online: February 12, 2016Accepted: February 9, 2016; Received: February 6, 2016;
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Endotracheal intubation is one of the key skills that should be possessed by every physician in Emergency Medicine as well as every paramedic [1]. For confirming endotracheal tube (ET) placement, there are multiple options, including direct visualization of the vocal cords, observation of chest auscultation, or chest expansion [2]. However, each of those methods has unique limitations, particularly during CPR, because observation of chest movements requires interruption in chest compression. According to the American Heart Associate 2015 guidelines for CPR, capnography is recommended as the criterion standard for confirming correct ET placement; however, this method has also limitations, especially in patients in cardiac arrest.
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© 2016 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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