Value of Liu's stain in rapid diagnosis of Plasmodium ovale infection Tze-Kiong Er, Po-Chi Chen, Jih-Jin Tsai
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.10.036
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 27 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: July 2009
x In this article, we report a 38-year-old man who presented to our emergency department with an infection of Plasmodium ovale malaria. Accurate diagnosis of the Plasmodium species is essential for adequate treatment of malaria. Peripheral smear examination for malarial parasite is the gold standard in confirming the diagnosis of malaria. Thick and thin smears prepared from the peripheral blood are used for this purpose. To identify Plasmodium species, microscopic examination of Wright-Giemsa stain blood smears has been the diagnostic method of choice.
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome associated with Salmonella typhi infection Graham E. Snyder, Howard J. Shaps, Matthew Nelson
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(03)00019-6
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 22 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 2004
Clinical application of rapid B-line score with lung ultrasonography in differentiating between pulmonary infection and pulmonary infection with acute left ventricular heart failure Zhi-peng Liu, Yu Zhang, Hong Bian, Xiao-ran He, Ya-jing Zhou, Li-jun Wang, Ning Ding
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.10.050
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 34 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: November 3 2015
x We have found that there are usually 2 causes of acute dyspnea in our emergency department: (1) pulmonary infection only and (2) pulmonary infection in the setting of acute left ventricular heart failure (LVHF). These conditions are sometimes difficult to differentiate. Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is easily performed at the bedside and provides accurate information for diagnosis. In this study, we propose a simple B-line score to allow rapid differential diagnosis between these 2 lung conditions.
Peripheral facial paralysis revealing hiv infection Dominique Vanpee, Jean-Bernard Gillet, Patrice Laloux
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(99)90174-2
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 17 , Issue 7 ,
Published in issue: November 1999
HIV infection presenting as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Manish Modi, Veenu Singla, Jasmina Ahluwalia, Aman Sharma, Sudesh Prabhakar, Niranjan Khandelwal, Dhananjay Duberkar
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2011.01.022
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 3 ,
Published online: March 16 2011
x Risk of cerebrovascular disease is increased in patients with HIV infection; however, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is not commonly reported in this condition. We report a case of young man with intracranial hemorrhage whose radiologic investigations revealed thrombosis of the left transverse and sigmoid sinuses extending into the left internal jugular vein. On further investigations, he was found to be positive for HIV-1, and his procoagulant workup showed protein S deficiency. He was started on anticoagulant therapy, after which he showed gradual recovery.
Negative pressure wound therapy for serious dog bites of extremities: a prospective randomized trial Chen Rui-feng, Huang Li-song, Zheng Ji-bo, Jia Yi-qing, Liu Yu-jie, Shan Yi
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2016.02.043
Publication stage: In Press Corrected Proof
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
Published online: February 20 2016
x The objectives were to investigate the emergency treatment of serious dog bite lacerations on limbs and to identify whether negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was beneficial in these instances.
Comparison of wound infection rates using plain versus buffered lidocaine for anesthesia of traumatic wounds Gerard X Brogan, Adam J Singer, Sharon M Valentine, Henry C Thode Jr, Edward Giarrusso, Judd E Hollander
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(97)90042-5
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 15 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: January 1997
x Buffered lidocaine has been shown to be less painful than plain lidocaine for anesthetizing wounds. However, the effect of a buffering agent on the local host defenses has not been evaluated. The infection rates of wounds anesthetized with plain lidocaine versus buffered lidocaine were compared in an observational cohort study. Consecutive emergency department patients with traumatic wounds that required sutures had a closed-question wound registry sheet prospectively completed. Follow-up data were obtained at the time of the return visit.
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis from upper respiratory infection Kuang-Jui Chang, Wen-Jone Chen, Shey-Ying Chen, Kuang-Chau Tsai, Ang Yuan
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2003.12.016
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 22 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 2004
A prospective, randomized pilot evaluation of topical triple antibiotic versus mupirocin for the prevention of uncomplicated soft tissue wound infection Robert Hood, Kenneth M Shermock, Charles Emerman
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2003.09.009
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 22 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: January 2004
x Little data exists comparing the safety and efficacy of triple antibiotic ointment (TAO) and mupirocin for prevention of uncomplicated soft tissue wound infections. The purpose of this investigation was to conduct a pilot study of the relative safety, efficacy, and cost effectiveness of the 2 preparations. This was a randomized, prospective, interventional study to determine the difference in infection rates of uncomplicated soft tissue wounds between subjects treated with TAO and mupirocin ointment after standard wound care and suturing.
Antibiotics to prevent infection of simple wounds: A meta-analysis of randomized studies Peter Cummings, Mark A Del Beccaro
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(95)90122-1
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 13 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1995
x A meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether prophylactic systemic antibiotics prevent infection in patients with nonbite wounds that are managed in the emergency department (ED). A literature search was performed to identify published, randomized trials of prophylactic antibiotics for nonbite wounds. Blinded review of trial methods was used to select trials that randomly assigned patients to antibiotic or control groups and analyzed results by intention to treat. Of 9 randomized trials, 7 (with 1,734 study subjects) were accepted for analysis.
Lemierre syndrome associated with group A streptococcal infection Rina K. Shah, Marcia M. Wofford, Thomas G. West, Avinash K. Shetty
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.09.011
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 28 , Issue 5 ,
Published online: March 26 2010
x Lemierre syndrome is a rare condition, characterized by an acute oropharyngeal infection with secondary internal jugular vein thrombosis, and subsequent metastatic infection. Lemierre syndrome is usually caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum . We report a case of Lemierre syndrome caused by group A Streptococcus (GAS) in a 4-year-old girl. She was initially diagnosed with GAS pharyngitis but failed treatment with azithromycin and subsequently developed right-sided neck swelling concerning for a deep neck abscess.
Board-certified emergency physicians' treatment of skin and soft tissue infections in the community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus era Frank LoVecchio, Nicholas Perera, Lora Casanova, Mary Mulrow, Angela Pohl
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.01.023
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 27 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: January 2009
x Emergency physicians commonly treat skin and soft tissue infections. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become the prominent etiologic agent in these infections. The CA-MRSA is resistant to many antibiotics traditionally used to treat skin and soft tissue infections.
Low risk of infection in selected human bites treated without antibiotics Joshua Broder, David Jerrard, Jonathan Olshaker, Michael Witting
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2003.09.004
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 22 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: January 2004
x To assess the need for antibiotics in low-risk human bite wounds, a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 127 patients presenting with low-risk human bite wounds over 2 years to a 40,000 visit per year major academic ED was performed. Low-risk bites penetrated only the epidermis and did not involve hands, feet, skin, overlying joints, or cartilaginous structures. Exclusion criteria included age less than 18 years, puncture wounds, immunocompromise, allergy to penicillin or related compound, or bites greater than 24 hours old.
Disseminated herpes simplex virus infection in a neonate Carl C D'Andrea, Peter C Ferrera
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(98)90132-2
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 16 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1998
x The emergency department (ED) evaluation of the neonate with sepsis or symptoms suggesting sepsis usually includes a complete blood count, catheterized urinalysis with culture, blood cultures, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and culture, and possibly a chest radiograph. Admission for observation for neonates at high risk for sepsis is universal. Depending on the patient's presentation and the preference of the admitting physician, intravenous antibiotics are started. Typically, ampicillin and either an aminoglycoside or cefotaxime are chosen because they cover the likely pathogens in this age group, ie, group B streptococci, Escherichia coli and other gram-negative enterics, and Listeria monocytogenes .
Lacrimal canaliculitis Nicole L Fulmer, Jeffrey G Neal, Gordon M Bussard, Richard F Edlich
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(99)90093-1
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 17 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1999
x Lacrimal canaliculitis is an infection of the lacrimal duct system. The classic features of lacrimal canaliculitis are mild to severe swelling of the canaliculus, mucopurulent discharge from the punctum, and a red, pouting punctum. Canaliculotomy with systemic or topical antibiotics is the most appropriate treatment for this disorder.
Acute appendicitis, an unusual presentation of Streptococcus pyogenes infection Florence Dumas, Gerald Kierzek, Sophie Coignard, Anne Bouvet, Jean-Louis Pourriat
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.06.029
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 27 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: February 2009
x The incidence of invasive streptococcal pyogenic infections has been on a worldwide increase. The most frequent clinical manifestations start with cutaneous septicemias. We report an unusual case of Streptococcus pyogenes –based septicemia, secondary to appendicitis with rapidly evolving peritonitis.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding infection prevention among emergency medical services providers Stephen Y. Liang, Paige Vantassell, Remle P. Crowe, Brian R. Froelke, Jonas Marschall, Melissa A. Bentley
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.02.026
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 5 ,
Published online: February 20 2015
x Infection prevention is a significant challenge in prehospital emergency care. Hand hygiene [1-3], adherence to standard and transmission-based precautions [4], and environmental disinfection [1] by emergency medical services (EMS) providers is variable and often suboptimal. Ambulances can become contaminated during patient care with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) [5-7], increasing the potential for transmission. Little is known about the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of EMS providers in relation to infection prevention and MDRO transmission.
Level of training, wound care practices, and infection rates Adam J Singer, Judd E Hollander, Guy Cassara, Sharon M Valentine, Henry C Thode Jr, Mark C Henry
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(95)90197-3
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 13 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: May 1995
x This prospective, nonrandomized descriptive study compares the traumatic wound infection rates in patients based on level of training of emergency department (ED) practitioners. Wounds were evaluated in 1,163 patients. A wound registry data sheet was prospectively completed on all patients sutured in the ED. All practitioners were assigned a unique identification number. Follow-up data was obtained at the time of the return visit. Patients failing to return were contacted by telephone. Data were analyzed for patient wound infection rates by practitioner level of training.
Missed epidural brain abscess after furunculosis Bruce M. Lo, Eleanor A. Erwin
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.09.009
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 26 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: May 2008
x Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ca-MRSA) has been implicated as a major cause of cutaneous skin infections. Invasive infections from ca-MRSA have also been reported, including endocarditis, pneumonia, and necrotizing fasciitis. We describe a case of a missed ca-MRSA epidural brain abscess in a patient with a recent furunculosis who underwent a lumbar puncture for meningitis workup without a prior head computed tomography. When dealing with invasive infections, physicians need to consider ca-MRSA as a possible cause.
Healthcare-associated acute pyelonephritis is associated with inappropriate empiric antibiotic therapy in the emergency department Seong Yeon Park, Won Sup Oh, Yeon-Sook Kim, Joon Sup Yeom, Hee Kyoung Choi, Yee Gyung Kwak, Jae-Bum Jun, Jin-Won Chung, and others
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2016.04.018
Publication stage: In Press Accepted Manuscript
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
Published online: April 13 2016
x Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is one of the most common bacterial infections. Because healthcare-associated (HCA) infections in the community setting have similar characteristics to hospital-acquired infections, HCA infections should be distinguished from community-acquired (CA) infections. However, the impact of HCA-APN on treatment outcomes has not been clearly defined. This study aimed to analyze the impact of HCA-APN on the appropriateness of empiric antibiotic therapy and outcomes in community-onset APN.
