Skill mastery in public CPR classes Robert T Brennan, Allan Braslow
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(98)90167-X
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 16 , Issue 7 ,
Published in issue: November 1998
x Effectiveness of CPR performance on a manikin was evaluated immediately after training in public CPR classes by trained independent observers using validated measures and procedures. An instrumented manikin was used to assess critical skills thought to be related to survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (compressions and ventilations), applying standards of the American Heart Association. The 226 subjects were enrolled in CPR classes offered to the public by the American Red Cross and the American Heart Association.
Aortic and right atrial systolic pressures an indicators of the mechanism of blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation : Kenneth L. Raessler, Karl B. Kern, Arthur B. Sanders, Gordon A. Evy. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(86)90211-1
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 4 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1986
Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation–induced splenic laceration and hepatosplenic hematoma Matthew Salzman, Jason Friedman
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.11.037
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: February 4 2011
x Splenic laceration is an uncommon complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We report a case of bystander CPR-induced splenic laceration with hepatosplenic hematoma complicating management of a patient with cardiovascular collapse because of acute myocardial infarction.
Emergency cricothyrotomy for trismus caused by instantaneous rigor in cardiac arrest patients Jae Hee Lee, Koo Young Jung
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2011.04.004
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: June 15 2011
x Instantaneous rigor as muscle stiffening occurring in the moment of death (or cardiac arrest) can be confused with rigor mortis. If trismus is caused by instantaneous rigor, orotracheal intubation is impossible and a surgical airway should be secured. Here, we report 2 patients who had emergency cricothyrotomy for trismus caused by instantaneous rigor. This case report aims to help physicians understand instantaneous rigor and to emphasize the importance of securing a surgical airway quickly on the occurrence of trismus.
Competence assessment of pre-elementary school teachers before and after a pediatric basic life support course for lay rescuers Riccardo Lubrano, Alberto Villani, Corrado Cecchetti, Patrizio Veronelli, Manuela Turbacci, Marco Bonci, Sebastian Cristaldi, Antonio Urbino, and others
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.11.020
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: November 18 2013
x As in most families, both parents work; nowadays, children spend a large amount of time in a school environment from early childhood. Critical events sufficient to endanger the child's life can occur at any time and can be related to accidental trauma [1,2] or less frequently to unknown preexisting health conditions, intentional violence, and accidental swallowing of toxic substances or foreign objects [3]. Several studies document that the average school teacher has little knowledge of first-aid principles.
Rationale of the use of vasopressor agents for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Is epinephrine the correct first choice? Maybe not Giuseppe Ristagno, Antonino Gullo
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.08.015
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 26 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: March 2008
x We appreciated the study by Chen et al [1] in which an elegant comparison of the efficacy of epinephrine with that of vasopressin during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed. Under the setting of asphyxia cardiac arrest in adult rabbits, epinephrine, but not vasopressin, increased the survival rate. Administration of epinephrine was in fact followed by greater coronary perfusion pressures and thereby a higher likelihood of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). These results confirm precedent observations obtained in pediatric models of asphyxia cardiac arrest, whereas in other experimental models of adult asphyxia cardiac arrest in large animals, the superiority of epinephrine has not been proven yet [2].
Femoral venous oxygen saturation obtained during CPR predicts successful resuscitation in a pig model Mu Jin Kim, Kyung Woon Jeung, Byung Kook Lee, Sung Soo Choi, Sang Wook Park, Kyung Hwan Song, Sung Min Lee, Yong Il Min
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.04.004
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 7 ,
Published online: April 9 2015
x Central venous oxygen saturation has been shown to reflect the adequacy of tissue oxygenation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), thereby enabling the assessment of CPR quality and the prediction of restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The femoral vein can be easily accessed during CPR. We determined if femoral venous oxygen saturation (SFV O2 ) values obtained during CPR could reliably predict ROSC in a pig model.
Comment on “An unusual presentation of bee sting: subarachnoid hemorrhagia” Hossein Sanaei-Zadeh
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2011.11.018
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: March 2012
x I read with interest the case presented by Dikici et al [1] recently published in the American Journal of Emergency Medicine . They presented a 49-year-old male patient who had developed epileptic seizure and cardiopulmonary arrest about 1 hour after the bee sting. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and tracheal intubation had been done. Brain computed tomography performed at the emergency department was isodense. However, in the second brain computed tomography taken about 36 hours after admission, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), as well as diffused edema, in both hemispheres was evident.
Two-thumb–encircling hands technique is more advisable than 2-finger technique when lone rescuer performs cardiopulmonary resuscitation on infant manikin Jie Jiang, Yaru Zou, Wen Shi, Ying Zhu, Ranjun Tao, Ying Jiang, Yiming Lu, Jianjing Tong
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.01.025
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 4 ,
Published online: January 21 2015
x The 2010 guidelines recommend new requirements of the chest compression depth for infant. The compression technique recommendation for infant remains the 2-finger (TF) technique for lone rescuer and the 2-thumb–encircling hands technique for 2 rescuers. We hypothesized that the TF technique cannot result in an enough compression depth to meet the guideline requirements and that the 2-thumb–encircling hands technique will not affect the ventilation.
The intraosseous access devices as a method of vascular access during cardiopulmonary resuscitation Lukasz Szarpak, Zenon Truszewski, Marcin Fudalej, Pawel Krajewski
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.11.013
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 34 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: November 9 2015
x Establishing peripheral intravenous (IV) access might be difficult, especially in dehydrated patients, those in shock, obese, with edema, or during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). When IV access cannot be archived, current European Resuscitation Council as well as American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) recommend intraosseous (IO) route for delivery of drugs [1,2]. Moreover, those guidelines indicated that drug administration during SCA is of secondary importance to high-quality CPR and that interruptions in chest compression should be minimized while obtaining intravascular access.
Lactic acidosis as a predictor of downtime during cardiopulmonary arrest in dogs Donna L. Carden, Gerard B. Martin, Richard M. Nowak, Craig C. Foreback, Michael C. Tomlanovich
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(85)90033-6
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 3 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 1985
x Studies have shown that over 50% of cardiovascular deaths occur before hospitalization. A major factor associated with survival in cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is the time from cardiovascular collapse to the initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or “downtime.” The purpose of this study was to determine whether blood lactate levels could be used to predict downtime in the canine cardiac arrest model. Femoral arterial and Swan-Ganz catheters were placed in 22 mongrel dogs, and ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced.
Outcomes by rescue shock number during the metabolic phase of porcine ventricular fibrillation resuscitation Ryan A. Coute, Timothy J. Mader, Lawrence D. Sherman
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.02.035
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: March 5 2014
x Optimal resuscitation duration before the first rescue shock (RS) to maximize the probability of success after prolonged ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival by RS attempt after 12 minutes of untreated VF.
Central venous and mixed venous oxygen saturation: Comparison during canine open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation Gerard B. Martin, Donna L. Carden, Richard M. Nowak, Michael C. Tomlanovich
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(85)90158-5
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 3 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: November 1985
x Mixed venous oxygen saturation (MVO2 ) is a valuable parameter in monitoring critically III patients because it serves as an index of the adequacy of the oxygen delivery system. Mixed venous oxygen saturation as refiected by the easily obtainable central venous oxygen saturation (CVO2 ) may prove useful during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as an indicator of both the adequacy of varying CPR regimens and the efficacy of pharmacological interventions. This study investigates the relationship between CVO2 and MVO2 and its clinical usefulness during CPR.
Is 15 minutes an appropriate resuscitation duration before termination of a traumatic cardiac arrest? A case-control study Cheng-Yu Chien, Yi-Chia Su, Chi-Chun Lin, Chan-Wei Kuo, Shen-Che Lin, Yi-Ming Weng
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.004
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 34 , Issue 3 ,
Published online: December 11 2015
x Previous guidelines suggest up to 15 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) accompanied by other resuscitative interventions before terminating resuscitation of a traumatic cardiac arrest. The current study evaluated the duration of CPR according to outcome using the model of a county-based emergency medical services (EMS) system in Taiwan.
Drown-retardant swimming pool water : James P. Orlowski, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(86)90209-3
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 4 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1986
Hemodynamic effects of rapid CPR compression rate in humans : Joseph P. Ornato, Edgar R. Gonzalez, A. Randolph Garnett, Ronald L. Levine, Barbara K. McClung. Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(86)90210-X
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 4 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1986
The authors reply: Following the patient's best interest — Uncontrolled donation after circulatory determination of death Iván Ortega-Deballon, David Rodríguez-Arias, Edurne De la Plaza-Horche
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.08.023
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: November 16 2012
x We appreciate the publication of divergent opinions on a topic as controversial as donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD).
Type of arrhythmia at EMS arrival on scene in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in relation to interval from collapse and whether a bystander initiated CPR Johan Herlitz, Lars Ekström, Bertil Wennerblom, Åsa Axelsson, Angela Bång, Stig Holmberg
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(96)90116-3
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 14 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 1996
x Outcome after cardiac arrest is strongly related to whether the patient has ventricular fibrillation at the time the emergency medical service (EMS) arrives on the scene. The occurrence of various arrhythmias at the time of EMS arrival among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was studied in relation to the interval from collapse and whether cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated by a bystander. The patients studied were all those with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Göteborg, Sweden, between 1980 and 1992 in whom CPR was attempted by the arriving EMS and for whom the interval between collapse and the arrival of EMS was known.
Factors associated with sustained return of spontaneous circulation in children after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of noncardiac origin Chao-Jui Li, Chia-Te Kung, Ber-Ming Liu, Chu-Chung Chou, Chin-Fu Chang, Tung-Kung Wu, Tzu-An Liu, Yan-Ren Lin
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.12.018
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 28 , Issue 3 ,
Published online: February 8 2010
x The study aimed to determine the factors predictive of sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in children with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) of noncardiac origin.
End-Tidal carbon dioxide changes during cardiopulmonary resuscitation after experimental asphyxial cardiac arrest Mananda S Bhende, Denise G Karasic, Raymond B Karasic
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(96)90046-7
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 14 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1996
x A study was undertaken to determine the pattern of end-tidal carbon dioxide (etco 2 ) changes during asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest in a pediatric canine model. Eleven intubated, anesthetized, paralyzed dogs (mean age, 4.1 mo; mean weight, 5.5 kg) were used. Asphyxia was induced by clamping the endotracheal tube (ETT) and discontinuing ventilation. Cardiac arrest ensued a few minutes later, after which closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and ventilation were initiated. The etco 2 level was recorded at baseline and every minute during CPR.
