Effects of naloxone on the adrenomedullary response during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs : Peter J. Foley, Willis A. Tacker, William D. Voorhees, Sandra H. Ralston, Mary A. Elchisak. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(86)90200-7
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 4 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1986
Real-time tracking of hemodynamic events during CPR with end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring in human : A. Randolf Garnett, Ronald L. Levine, Joseph P. Ornato, Edgar Gonzalez, Denise S. Young. Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(86)90201-9
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 4 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1986
Treatment of electromechanical dissociation with intracardiac epinephrine : Russell L. Showen, Willis A. Tacker, Sandra H. Ralston, William D. Voorhees, Tracy L. Ralston, Charles F. Babbs, Alice B. Carter. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(86)90212-3
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 4 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1986
Visual-aided directions are superior to verbal instruction only in obtaining hand position for cardiopulmonary resuscitation Niels Secher, Erik L. Grove, Kasper Adelborg, Bo Løfgren
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.06.032
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 29 , Issue 9 ,
Published online: October 11 2010
x The aim of the study was to test if instruction without visual directions is sufficient to obtain the recommended hand position for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Considerations for resuscitation at high altitude in elderly and untrained populations and rescuers Takashi Suto, Shigeru Saito
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.11.007
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 3 ,
Published online: November 14 2013
x With the development of transportation technologies, elderly people with chronic diseases are increasingly enjoying trekking and tours of nature resorts that include mountain highlands. Because of problems related to circulation, respiration, metabolism, and/or the musculoskeletal system in this population, the impact of high altitude on cardiopulmonary function is increased. Alpine accidents, therefore, tend to be more common in this population, and cases of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) at high altitudes seem to be increasing.
The effect of bystander CPR on neurological outcome in survivors of pre-hospital cardiac arrests : John Masaryk, Philip Troiano, Harlan Stveren, David Olson, Denis Tonsfeldt, Eugene Kasterson, Dennis Birchall, Edward Barthell. Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(86)90208-1
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 4 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1986
Assessing the efficacy of rescue equipment in lifeguard resuscitation efforts for drowning Roberto Barcala-Furelos, David Szpilman, Jose Palacios-Aguilar, Javier Costas-Veiga, Cristian Abelairas-Gomez, Antonio Bores-Cerezal, Sergio López-García, Antonio Rodríguez-Nuñez
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.006
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 34 , Issue 3 ,
Published online: December 12 2015
x The whole drowning process usually occurs within seconds to a few minutes. An early rescue may stop and/or prevent most medical complications. Fins, rescue tube, and rescue board (RB) are the equipment most frequently used by lifeguards. Our objective was to compare, in a water rescue quasiexperimental trial, these different pieces of rescue equipment to define the safest and with the lower rescue time as well as to assess their effects on the lifeguards' physiological state and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance.
Prehospital bicarbonate use in cardiac arrest: A 3-year experience Tom P. Aufderheide, Daniel R. Martin, David W. Olson, Charles Aprahamian, Joseph W. Woo, Gail E. Hendley, Kathleen M. Hargarten, Bruce Thompson
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(92)90115-E
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 10 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: January 1992
x The American Heart Association no longer recommends the routine use of sodium bicarbonate in cardiac arrests. Reasons cited include the lack of documented effect on clinical outcome and potential adverse effects of metabolic alkalosis and hypernatremia. We reviewed 36 months of experience with 619 nontrauma adult, prehospital cardiac arrest patients to identify 273 successful resuscitations who had emergency department blood gases and electrolytes performed. Determination of complications associated with prehospital intravenous sodium bicarbonate and its impact on survival in resuscitated patients was undertaken.
A comparison of transoesophageal cardiac pacing and epinephrine for cardiopulmonary resuscitation Meng-Hua Chen, Tang-Wei Liu, Lu Xie, Feng-Qing Song, Tao He
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2006.01.024
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 24 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 2006
x The use of cardiac pacing to deal with bradycardia is well established. There is debate as to the benefits during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study was performed to compare the effects of transoesophageal cardiac pacing and high-dose epinephrine on the benefits of cardiopulmonary resuscitation after asphyxial cardiac arrest in rats. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were randomly selected to a saline group (Sal-gro, treated with normal saline 1 mL IV, n = 10), an epinephrine group (Epi-gro, treated with epinephrine 0.4 mg/kg IV, n = 10), or a pacing group (Pac-gro, treated with normal saline 1 mL IV combined with transoesophageal cardiac pacing, n = 10) in a blinded fashion during resuscitation after 10 minutes of asphyxial cardiac arrest.
Improper bystander-performed basic life support in cardiac arrests managed with public automated external defibrillators Taiki Nishi, Yutaka Takei, Takahisa Kamikura, Keisuke Ohta, Masaaki Hashimoto, Hideo Inaba
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.10.018
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 1 ,
Published online: October 17 2014
x The aim of the study was to determine the quality of basic life support (BLS) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) receiving bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and public automated external defibrillator (AED) application.
A comparison of 2 types of chest compressions in a porcine model of cardiac arrest Jun-Yuan Wu, Chun-Sheng Li, Zhao-Xia Liu, Cai-Jun Wu, Gui-Chen Zhang
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2008.07.001
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 27 , Issue 7 ,
Published in issue: September 2009
x Chest compressions performed by some medical workers are of poor quality, which are too few and shallow with incomplete release. This study was designed to compare the effects of these clinical quality chest compressions with standard manual chest compressions in a porcine model of cardiac arrest.
The effect of sodium bicarbonate administration on the vasopressor effect of high-dose epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in swine Barry E. Bleske, Ted L. Rice, Eric W. Warren, Vincent R. De Las Alas, Alan R. Tait, Paul R. Knight
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(93)90078-P
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 11 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1993
x Sodium bicarbonate is administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for the treatment of systemic acidemia. However, the effect of administering standard-dose sodium bicarbonate on the vasopressor effect of epinephrine is unknown. This study compared the effects of sodium bicarbonate or normal saline on the vasopressor effect of epinephrine in 18 pigs. After 10 minutes of unassisted ventricular fibrillation, CPR was started using a pneumatic chest compression device. Two minutes after the start of CPR, sodium bicarbonate (1 mEq/kg) or normal saline (1 mL/kg) was administered into the right ventricle followed 1 minute later by epinephrine (0.2 mg/kg).
The effect of norepinephrine versus epinephrine on regional cerebral blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation Charles G. Brown, Linda A. Robinson, James Jenkins, Kevin Bowman, Jay Schlaifer, Howard Werman, James Ashton, Robert L. Hamlin
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(89)90169-1
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 7 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: May 1989
x α-Adrenergic drugs improve cerebral blood flow (CBF) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), in part, by reversing carotid artery collapse and by shunting blood from extracerebral to intracerebral vascular structures. Adrenergic drugs with β2 -agonist properties may cause peripheral vasodilation, and thus may be less beneficial in this setting. The purpose of this study was to compare epinephrine (E), an α1,2 , β1,2 -agonist, with norepinephrine (NE), an α1,2 , β1 -agonist, on CBF during CPR. Twenty swine each weighing > 15 kg were instrumented for regional CBF measurements using tracer microspheres.
Effects of epinephrine administration during CPR on patient survival and cerebral recovery : Norman S. Abramson, Kim Sutton, Peter Safar, Katherine Detre, Brain Resuscitation Clinical Trial I Study Group. Resuscitation Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(86)90190-7
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 4 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1986
Evidence of preventable lipid peroxidation in brain and heart four hours after cardiac arrest and reperfusion in rats : Charles F. Babbs, Sandra H. Ralston, Stephen F. Badylak, Maxine Nichols, Frances A. Cull, Melissa J. Gale. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(86)90191-9
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 4 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1986
Arterial p H in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Rosponse time as a determinant of acidosis Joseph P. Ornato, Edgar R. Gonzalez, Martha R. Coyne, Carol L. Beck, Mark S. Collins
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(85)90159-7
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 3 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: November 1985
x It is unclear why some victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are severely acidotic on arrival to the emergency department (ED), whereas others have a p H within normal limits. To explain the difference among patients, the authors collected data on 119 consecutive out-of-hospital adult nontraumatic cardiac arrest victims brought to the University of Nebraska Medical Center by paramedic rescue squad between December 1982 and January 1984. Patients who experienced restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in the field had a normal p H (7.40 ± 0.13) as compared with the p H of patients still recelving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on arrival at the ED (7.18 ± 0.20).
Tight control of effectiveness of cardiac massage with invasive blood pressure monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation Gerhard Prause, Sylvia Archan, Geza Gemes, Friedrich Kaltenböck, Ilja Smolnikov, Herwig Schuchlenz, Gernot Wildner
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.09.035
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 28 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: March 26 2010
x The continuity of chest compression is the main challenge in prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the field as well as during transport. Invasive blood pressure monitoring with visible pulse waves by means of an arterial line set prehospitally allows for tight control of the effectiveness of chest compressions as well as of the impact of the administered epinephrine and also captures beginning fatigue of the rescuers. In this case, maintaining uninterrupted circulation through manual as well as mechanical chest compressions continued until the successful percutaneous coronary intervention saved the patients life without neurologic damage.
When health care priorities are unclear: Do we obtain organs or try to save lives? Iván Ortega Deballon, David Rodríguez-Arias Vailhen, Edurne de la Plaza Horche
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.03.007
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: May 25 2012
x In recent years, the number of programs for organ donation after unexpected cardiac arrest (uncontrolled donation after circulatory determination of death [uDCDD]) has increased. Potential uDCDD donors have died of an unexpected loss of circulation mostly because of sudden cardiac arrest. Because circulation is lost before death is determined and long before organ procurement could begin, organs will die unless they are quickly preserved. In Spain alone, there are 7 active programs in 6 different regions and at least as many advanced projects [1].
Continuous chest compression pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation after witnessed electrocution Athanasios Chalkias, Nicoletta Iacovidou, Theodoros Xanthos
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.12.003
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: December 9 2013
x Electrical injury is a relatively infrequent but potentially devastating multisystem injury with high morbidity and mortality. We describe the case of an 11-year-old boy who suffered loss of his consciousness after touching an electrical cable.
Severe hyperkalemia with refractory ventricular fibrillation: successful resuscitation using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Chun-Chieh Chiu, Hsu-Heng Yen, Yao-Li Chen, Fu-Yuan Siao
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.01.016
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 8 ,
Published online: January 23 2014
x Refractory ventricular fibrillation caused by severe hyperkalemia is a rare condition. We report a case of a 66-year-old man presenting with prolonged cardiac arrest and refractory ventricular fibrillation due to severe hyperkalemia caused by his having taken an unknown herbal medicine and in which cardiac arrest was refractory to prolonged conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated approximately 90 minutes after prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation; this provided cardiopulmonary life support for prolonged cardiac arrest and termination of refractory ventricular fibrillation, achieving a sustained return of spontaneous circulation, which permitted adequate time for continuous venovenous hemofiltration with the promotion of potassium excretion and enabled a good recovery with intact cerebral performance.
