One-hand chest compression and hands-off time in single-lay rescuer CPR—a manikin study Athanasios Chalkias, Nikolaos Vogiatzakis, Konstantinos Tampakis, Maria Kalafati, Lila Papadimitriou, Theodoros Xanthos
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.07.030
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 10 ,
Published online: September 12 2013
x To evaluate the effect of one-hand chest compression while continuously maintaining an open airway (OCOA) on rescue breath-associated hands-off time (RAHO) during single-lay rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Sudden cardiac arrest in Israel: Factors associated with successful resuscitation Mickey S. Eisenberg, Eli Hadas, Irit Nuri, David Applebaum, Arie Roth, Paul E. Litwin, Alfred Hallstrom, Eugene Nagel
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(88)90146-5
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 6 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1988
x Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests were studied in Israel from 1984 to 1985. More than 3,500 patients in cardiac arrest received paramedic care. Eighty-three percent of cases were caused by underlying heart disease. Overall, 17% of patients with arrest caused by heart disease were admitted and 7% were discharged from the hospital. There was a wide variation in the percent discharged among the 15 paramedic service areas, ranging from 0% to 13%. Factors associated with successful resuscitation included witnessed collapse, rhythm of ventricular fibrillation, short interval from collapse to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and delivery of advanced cardiac life support, collapse at public location, and bystander initiation of CPR.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Micro, macro, and new J.Douglas White
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(85)90106-8
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 3 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: May 1985
Changes in expression of Nogo receptor 1 in hippocampus and cortex after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rats Xiao-li Jing, Hui Li, Qing-Ling Fu, Jin-jin Fan, Yan Xiong, Hong Zhan, Xiao-xing Liao, Xin Li
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.08.039
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: November 19 2012
x The aim of this study was to investigate changes in Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1 ) expression in the cerebrum after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in rats. Cardiac arrest was induced by alternating current in 50 SD rats through transcutaneous electrical epicardium stimulation, and CPR was performed with the Utstein mode 6 minutes after cardiac arrest. Rats were killed 1, 3, and 7 days after CPR. We performed immunofluorescence with antibodies against NgR1 to map the distribution of NgR1 in the rat cerebrum, whereas quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed for quantitative analysis of NgR1 messenger RNA (mRNA).
Evaluation of ED patient and visitor understanding of living wills and do-not-resuscitate orders Mary Colleen Bhalla, Michael U. Ruhlin, Jennifer A. Frey, Scott T. Wilber
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.10.030
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 3 ,
Published online: October 25 2014
x Since the implementation of the Patient Self Determination Act of 1990, every patient that comes to the hospital must be asked about their advanced directive status and be provided with information about different options [1]. There are currently 2 types of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders in Ohio: “DNR Comfort Care (CCO)” and “DNR Comfort Care Arrest (CCA)” [2]. The DNR orders are separate from any “living will” that the patient may elect to draft for the purpose of withdrawing or withholding care in case they are ever in a permanently unconscious state [3].
Rate at 120/min provides qualified chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation Yaru Zou, Wen Shi, Ying Zhu, Ranjun Tao, Ying Jiang, Shanfeng Li, Jing Ye, Yiming Lu, and others
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.01.024
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 4 ,
Published online: January 21 2015
x The quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a very important prognostic factor for cardiac arrest. Chest compression is thought to be one of the most important aspects of high-quality CPR. Recent studies have prompted that there may be an interaction between chest compression rate and other factors related to the quality of chest compression. We aimed to investigate the effect of different compression rates on chest compression depth, recoil, and rescuers' fatigue point during CPR.
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition improves macrocirculation and microcirculation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation Junyuan Wu, Chunsheng Li, Wei Yuan
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.09.033
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 34 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: October 2 2015
x This study is to clarify whether sildenafil, which is a selective inhibitor of the isoform 5 of the enzyme phosphodiesterase, improves macrocirculation or/and microcirculation during ventricular fibrillation (VF) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) so as to improve outcomes of resuscitation.
Outcomes from low versus high-flow cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a swine model of cardiac arrest Henry R. Halperin, Kichang Lee, Menekhem Zviman, Uday Illindala, Albert Lardo, Aravindan Kolandaivelu, Norman A. Paradis
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2009.10.006
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 28 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: February 2010
x Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is improved by greater vital organ blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We tested the hypothesis that myocardial flow above the threshold needed for ROSC may be associated with greater vital organ injury and worse outcome.
Survival without sequelae after prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation after electric shock Mohamad Motawea, Al-Sayed Al-Kenany, Mostafa Hosny, Omar Aglan, Mohamad Samy, Mohamed Al-Abd
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.06.059
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 34 , Issue 3 ,
Published online: June 25 2015
x “Electrical shock is the physiological reaction or injury caused by electric current passing through the human body. It occurs upon contact of a human body part with any source of electricity that causes a sufficient current through the skin, muscles, or hair causing undesirable effects ranging from simple burns to death.”[1]. Ventricular fibrillation is believed to be the most common cause of death after electrical shock. “The ideal duration of cardiac resuscitation is unknown. Typically prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation is associated with poor neurologic outcomes and reduced long term survival.
Effects of different dosages and modes of sodium bicarbonate administration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation Barry E. Bleske, Moses S.S. Chow, Hong Zhao, Jeffrey Kluger, Arnold Fieldman
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(92)90176-X
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 10 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: November 1992
x Systemic acidosis occurs during cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The present study investigated the effect of different modes of sodium bicarbonate administration on blood gas parameters during CPR. Arterial and venous blood gases were obtained during 10 minutes of CPR which was preceded by 3 minutes of unassisted ventricular fibrillation in 36 dogs. Following 1 minute of CPR, the animals received one of four treatments in a randomized and blinded manner: normal saline (NS), sodium bicarbonate bolus dose 1 mEq/kg (B), sodium bicarbonate continuous infusion 0.1 mEq/kg/min (I), and sodium bicarbonate bolus dose (0.5 mEq/kg) plus continuous infusion 0.1 mEq/kg/min (L + I).
Fallacious arguments against resuscitation research Charles F. Babbs
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(85)90206-2
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 3 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1985
In-hospital resuscitation among the elderly: Substantial survival to hospital discharge Joseph Varon, Robert E Fromm Jr
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(96)90118-7
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 14 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 1996
x The appropriateness of aggressive resuscitation in many clinical settings has been questioned. Survival rates from cardiac arrest in the elderly are generally reported as poor, and satisfactory results from resuscitation attempts prolonged beyond 15 minutes are said to be rare. It was the purpose of this study to examine success rates for resuscitation in a cohort of elderly inpatients suffering cardiac arrest. We retrospectively reviewed 213 consecutive cardiac arrests occurring during a 12-month period in a single large tertiary private hospital.
The Airtraq laryngoscope for emergency tracheal intubation without interruption of chest compression Ruggero M. Corso, Emanuele Piraccini, Vanni Agnoletti, Giorgio Gambale
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.06.019
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 28 , Issue 8 ,
Published online: August 16 2010
x The 2005 American Heart Association Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Guidelines emphasize minimizing the interruption of chest compression to maximize coronary and cerebral perfusion pressure [1]. More specifically, these guidelines suggest that skilled operators should be able to secure the airway either without interrupting chest compression or with only a brief pause to visualize vocal cords to allow the passage of the tracheal tube (TT). Previous studies have shown that chest compression prolongs the time needed for intubation and increases the risk of esophageal intubation [2].
Improvement in chest compression quality using a feedback device (CPRmeter): a simulation randomized crossover study Clément Buléon, Jean-Jacques Parienti, Laurent Halbout, Xavier Arrot, Hélène De Facq Régent, Dan Chelarescu, Jean-Luc Fellahi, Jean-Louis Gérard, and others
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.07.029
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 10 ,
Published online: September 13 2013
x Cardiac arrest survival depends on celerity and efficiency of life support action. Guidelines emphasized the chest compression (CC) quality and feedback devices are encouraged. The purpose is to study the impact of the CPRmeter feedback device on resuscitation performed by untrained rescuers.
Cerebral resuscitation: An annotated bibliography of the literature, 1984–1985 Robert E. Rosenthal
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(86)80021-3
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 4 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: November 1986
Effects of naloxone on the adrenomedullary response during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs Peter J. Foley, Willis A. Tacker, William D. Voorhees, Sandra H. Ralston, Mary A. Elchisak
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(87)90381-0
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 5 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1987
x To determine the effects of naloxone, an opiate antagonist, on the adrenomedullary response to cardiac arrest, plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were measured before, during, and after cardiac arrest in dogs. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 12 dogs anesthetized with pentobarital sodium (30 mg/kg) and standard American Heart Association cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was begun using a mechanical device. At 6.5 minutes of CPR, naloxone (10 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline (10 ml) was given intravenously.
Delay and performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in surf lifeguards after simulated cardiac arrest due to drowning Andreas Claesson, Tomas Karlsson, Ann-Britt Thorén, Johan Herlitz
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.06.026
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 29 , Issue 9 ,
Published online: September 27 2010
x To describe time delay during surf rescue and compare the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before and after exertion in surf lifeguards.
Medical students do not adversely affect the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for ED patients Xian-Long Zhou, Xiao-Wen Duan, Yan Zhao, Cheng Jiang, Peng Xu, Shan Jiang, Shao-Zhou Ni
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.12.007
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 4 ,
Published online: December 12 2013
x To investigate the effect of medical student involvement on the quality of actual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Successful resuscitation with thrombolysis of a presumed fulminant pulmonary embolism during cardiac arrest Tao Zhu, Konhan Pan, Qiang Shu
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.06.032
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: September 13 2012
x Our case describes an episode of fulminant pulmonary embolism that was accompanied by cardiac arrest. A 41-year-old woman who had cardiac arrest with pulseless electrical activity was transferred to the emergency department. With an initially unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation period of 22 minutes, spontaneous circulation returned after a bolus injection of urokinase. The patient was discharged without any complication and sequela through successive treatment. We conclude that empiric thrombolysis during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with presumed massive pulmonary embolism and prolonged resuscitation can be highly beneficial with better survival rates and neurologic prognosis.
Pneumatosis intestinalis and hepatic portal venous gas after CPR Chun-Fu Lai, Wei-Tien Chang, Po-Chin Liang, Wan-Ching Lien, Hsiu-Po Wang, Wen-Jone Chen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2004.05.010
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 23 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 2005
x Pneumatosis intestinalis and hepatic portal venous gas are usually associated with severe intra-abdominal pathologies. As diagnostic technologies advanced, a number of variant etiologies have been identified. We report 2 cases in which pneumatosis intestinalis and hepatic portal venous gas developed after prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The pathogenic mechanism was most probably bowel infarction caused by poor mesenteric perfusion during and after CPR. Limited cardiac output during prolonged resuscitation and severe vasoconstriction after large doses of epinephrine and vasopressors might both contribute to the compromised mesenteric perfusion.
