The critical need for further research and development of abdominal compressions cardiopulmonary resuscitation Eric M. Rottenberg
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.05.024
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 8 ,
Published online: May 23 2014
x A recent editorial on the science of basic life support (BLS) education acknowledges that, despite nearly 4 decades of public instruction in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) classes, most people who complete CPR training still do not perform effective basic CPR even immediately after training [1]. But still supports the theory that survival rates for unexpected cardiac arrest depend not only on the quality of the education given to potential caregivers but also on the validity of treatment guidelines and a well-functioning chain of survival [2].
Skill mastery in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training classes Robert T Brennan, Allan Braslow
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(95)90157-4
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 13 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1995
x The authors evaluated skill levels of trainees (n = 48) who were taught cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in “American Red Cross: Adult CPR” classes offered at a work site. The evaluation used a validated skill checklist and a Lærdal Skillmeter mannequin to assess trainee competence. Only 1 in 10 of the trainees could correctly perform all 12 CPR skills assessed by the skill checklist. Fewer than 12% of all compressions met published standards, and fewer than 25% of the ventilations met the standards as evaluated by the Skillmeter mannequin.
Rescuer size impact on compression velocity/duty cycle and increased survival/favorable outcome Eric M. Rottenberg
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.06.007
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 33 , Issue 10 ,
Published online: June 18 2015
x Kovacs and colleagues [1] evaluated the association between chest compression release velocity (CCRV) and outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Chest compression release velocity was found to be independently associated with improved survival and favorable neurologic outcome at hospital discharge after adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; a fast CCRV (≥
Can children teach their parents cardiopulmonary resuscitation and does teaching influence the retention of their knowledge? Łukasz Iskrzycki, Dorota Zyśko, Jakub J. Koch, Paweł GAwlowski, Lukasz Szarpak, Jacek Smereka
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2016.02.064
Publication stage: In Press Corrected Proof
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
Published online: April 12 2016
x Schoolchildren are the group most frequently educated in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), whereas the witnesses of the real life cardiac arrest events are mainly older people [1,2]. A possible way to bridge this gap would be to make children spread their newly acquired knowledge at home, especially by describing what they have learnt, and by showing educational materials to their parents. Such activity could also help children to consolidate their knowledge [3,4,5].
Contents to volume 2
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(84)90100-1
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 2 , Issue 6 ,
Published in issue: November 1984
Cerebroprotective effects of flunarizine in an experimental rat model of cardiac arrest Hua Rong Lu, Jos Van Reempts, Marc Haseldonckx, Marcel Borgers, Paul A.J. Janssen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(90)90284-7
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 8 , Issue 1 ,
Published in issue: January 1990
x A rat cardioplumonary arrest model was used to study the effects of flunarizine on survival and on the development of postischemic brain damage. Ischemia was induced by a combination of hypovolemia and intracardiac injection of a cold potassiumchloride solution. To validate the model; survival rate and histological damage were assessed after ischemic periods ranging from 5 to 20 minutes. A 6-minute cardiac arrest period was withheld for further therapeutic investigations. In one group (n = 12), flunarizine was administered successsively in doses of 0.5 mg/kg intravenous at 5 minutes, 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal at 1 hour, and 20 mg/kg orally at 16 and 24 hours after recirculation.
Epinephrine, but not vasopressin, improves survival rates in an adult rabbit model of asphyxia cardiac arrest Meng-Hua Chen, Lu Xie, Tang-Wei Liu, Feng-Qing Song, Tao He, Zhi-yu Zeng, Shu-Rong Mo
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2006.08.022
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 25 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: June 2007
x Although vasopressin has been reported to be more effective than epinephrine for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in ventricular fibrillation animal models, its efficacy in asphyxia model remains controversy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of vasopressin vs epinephrine on restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a rabbit model of asphyxia cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest was induced by clamping endotracheal tube. After 5 minutes of basic life-support cardiopulmonary resuscitation, animals who had no ROSC were randomly assigned to receive either epinephrine alone (epinephrine group; 200 μ g/kg) or vasopressin alone (vasopressin group; 0.8 U/kg).
Analysis of smartphone video footage classifies chest compression rate during simulated CPR Adam Frisch, Samarjit Das, Joshua C. Reynolds, Fernando De la Torre, Jessica K. Hodgins, Jestin N. Carlson
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.05.040
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 9 ,
Published online: May 31 2014
x Approximately 360
Improved outcome after cardiac arrest in dogs using emergency cardiopulmonary bypass : Robert Levine, Ernesto Pretto, Mark Gorayeb, Peter Safar, Norman Abramson, Reisuke Saito, William Stezoski. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(86)90205-6
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 4 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1986
Effect of physical fatigue on the quality CPR: a water rescue study of lifeguards: Physical fatigue and quality CPR in a water rescue Roberto Barcala-Furelos, Cristian Abelairas-Gomez, Vicente Romo-Perez, Jose Palacios-Aguilar
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.09.012
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 3 ,
Published online: October 22 2012
x The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of the fatigue caused by a water rescue on the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance.
A new cardiopulmonary resuscitation method Yoav Paz
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.11.009
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 26 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: March 2008
x I read with great interest the article “A New Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Method Using Only Rhythmic Abdominal Compression. A Preliminary Report” [1]. The authors suggest a new method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for the treatment of ventricular fibrillation (VF) by performing only abdominal compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OAC-CPR), that is, rhythmic compression of the abdominal organs to force the abdominal vascular bed content into the coronary circulation. The authors also mentioned that this is in contrast to the latest American Heart Association guidelines for CPR [2].
Association of mechanical chest compression and prehospital thrombolysis Hichem Chenaitia, Marc Fournier, Jean Paul Brun, Pierre Michelet, Jean Pierre Auffray
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2011.04.016
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 30 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: June 24 2011
x Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common cause of sudden death; the use of prehospital thrombolysis is currently a last-resort option and requires a prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Novel mechanical devices have recently been introduced that provides automatic mechanical chest compression (AMCC) according to the guidelines and continually without decrease efficiency throughout prolonged resuscitation.
Could the survival and outcome benefit of adrenaline also be dependent upon the presence of gasping upon arrival of emergency rescuers? Eric M. Rottenberg
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.06.005
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 9 ,
Published online: June 12 2014
x A recent systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of adrenaline use during resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest found no benefit of adrenaline in survival to discharge or neurological outcomes. It did, however, find an advantage of standard dose adrenaline (SDA) over placebo and high dose adrenaline over SDA in overall survival to admission and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), which was also consistent with previous reviews. As a result, the question that remains is "Why is there no difference in the rate of survival to discharge when there are increased rates of ROSC and survival to admission in patients who receive adrenaline?" It was suggested that the lack of efficacy and effectiveness of adrenaline may be confounded by the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during cardiac arrest, which has been demonstrated in animal models.
The effects of sodium bicarbonate during prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation Yi-Ming Weng, Shih-Hao Wu, Wen-Cheng Li, Chan-Wei Kuo, Shou-Yen Chen, Jih-Chang Chen
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.11.001
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 3 ,
Published online: December 13 2012
x This study was performed to determine the effects of sodium bicarbonate injection during prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation (for >
False memories: Healthcare Professionals' claims of having seen a patient returning to normal activity after CPR Fernanda Duarte, Sharon Einav, Joseph Varon
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2016.02.042
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 34 , Issue 5 ,
Published online: February 15 2016
x Most studies show that less than one fifth of people who undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are discharged from hospital and many survivors suffer some degree of functional and/or cognitive impairment
[1,2]
. Patients undergoing CPR in television (TV) series differ significantly from real-life cases, in terms of pre-event variables which may affect the likelihood of success. For example, many of them are younger and have unlikely causes of arrest
[3,4]
. Regardless of pre-event and event variables, both television and the press depict unrealistically good outcomes from CPR
[5,6]
.
An experimental circulatory arrest model in the rat to evaluate calcium antagonists in cerebral resuscitation Lawrence De Garavilla, Charles F. Babbs, Willis A. Tacker
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(84)90127-X
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 2 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1984
x A circulatory arrest model in the rat was developed for use in cerebral and cardiac resuscitation studies. Whole-body ischemia was produced for 8 to 18 minutes by arresting the heart with a cold potassium chloride cardioplegic solution. Following cardiopulmonary resuscitation, minimal, standardized intensive care was provided. As the duration of ischemia was increased from 8 to 18 minutes, survival immediately following resuscitation decreased from 100% to 25%, and survival at 48 hours after ischemia decreased from 60% to 0%.
The effect of the different methods indicating 100/min to 120/min using the metronome in dispatcher-assisted resuscitation Dong Hoon Lee, Chan Woong Kim, Sung Eun Kim
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.07.009
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 10 ,
Published online: July 29 2014
x To enhance the quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), The 2010 American Heart Association guidelines for CPR recommend that emergency medical system dispatchers instruct untrained bystanders in compression-only CPR, with an emphasis on “push hard and fast” [1]. Because emergency medical system dispatcher-assisted CPR (D-CPR) is conducted by telephone, real-time feedback is impossible and the quality of chest compression, especially the depth of compression, cannot be monitored.
Ultra-long cardiopulmonary resuscitation with thrombolytic therapy for a sudden cardiac arrest patient with pulmonary embolism Tian Hsin, Fang Wei Chun, Hsieh Lu Tao
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.04.035
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 11 ,
Published online: April 28 2014
x The recovery of cardiac arrest patients with pulmonary embolism who are given an ultra-long duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with manual chest compressions is very rare. We reported a 52-year-old woman who came to the hospital because of paroxysmal dyspnea. She experienced inhospital cardiac arrest and underwent prolonged CPR with manual chest compressions for 160 minutes. The patient presented with several episodes of cardiac electrical activity that lasted 10 to 20 seconds without consciousness.
Emergency ultrasound in nontraumatic cardiac arrest—2 practical remarks: Letter regarding Giovanni Volpicelli's recent article “Usefulness of emergency ultrasound in nontraumatic cardiac arrest” Rainer Gatz
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.03.001
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 28 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: May 2010
x The recent article by Volpicell [1], as indeed others published by him earlier, are of great interest and practical utility to all who practice bedside echography on their emergency and intensive care patients, like I have been doing for some 15 years now. Do allow me to add just 2 practical suggestions to Volpicelli's article, with which I otherwise fully agree.
The ability to perform closed chest compressions in helicopters Stephen H. Thomas, C.Keith Stone, Dolly Bryan-Berge
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(94)90142-2
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 12 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: May 1994
x Critically ill patients are offen transported by air ambulances. Although these patients are likely to require cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during transport, the effects of the air medical transport environment on CPR efficacy have never been studied. A manikin model was used to assess the ability of flight nurses to perform effective chest compressions while in flight and when stationery on the helipad. The results demonstrate that flight nurses were able to perform chest compressions as effectively in the in-flight setting as in the stationary setting.
