Protection from reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart : Stephen F. Badylak, Abby Simmons, Charles F. Babbs. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(86)90193-2
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 4 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1986
Effects of abdominal compression in three modes of CPR : F. Bertrand, V. Einagel, Ch. Roussos, S. Magder. Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(86)90194-4
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 4 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1986
Improving clinical outcomes in cardiac arrest cases through chest compression–only cardiopulmonary resuscitation Kohhei Nakagawa
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.09.004
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 29 , Issue 1 ,
Published online: October 22 2010
x This literature reveals the challenges of teaching mouth-to-mouth (MTM) ventilation, and the authors suggest that MTM ventilation be omitted from cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) courses [1]. From my experience as a CPR instructor and designer of resuscitation courses for laypersons, I strongly agree with their recommendation and would like to augment their discussion with additional evidence and suggest what a good CPR course for laypersons should be.
Comparative effectiveness of standard CPR vs active compression-decompression CPR with CardioPump for treatment of cardiac arrest Yahya Kemal Günaydın, Bora Çekmen, Nazire Belgin Akıllı, Ramazan Köylü, Ekrem Taha Sert, Başar Cander
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.066
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 34 , Issue 3 ,
Published online: December 23 2015
x Despite all of the studies conducted on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the mortality rate of cardiac arrest patients is still high. This has led to a search for alternative methods. One of these methods is active compression-decompression CPR (ACD-CPR) performed with the CardioPump.
Can cardiopulmonary resuscitation using only abdominal compressions provide greater oxygenation and perfusion of vital organs than only chest compressions? Eric M. Rottenberg
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.09.010
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 1 ,
Published online: October 22 2012
x Xanthos and colleagues [1] compared survival and neurologic outcome in animals after receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using only abdominal compressions (OAC-CPR) vs only chest compressions (OCC-CPR). Compressions with a Lund University Cardiopulmonary Assist System (LUCAS) device, which enhances sternal recoil, were performed at a 100-per-minute rate, at a duty cycle of 50:50, and likely with an adequate force necessary to achieve a compression depth of 30% of the anteroposterior diameter of the thorax (known optimal compression depth for 19 ± 2-kg Landrace piglets used in this study based on one of their previous studies), after 8 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation.
Cardiac arrest: Lessons from the Fifth Purdue Conference Richard O. Cummins
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(85)90044-0
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 3 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 1985
Effective CPR at high altitudes likely requires oxygen-supplemented continuous abdominal compressions Eric M. Rottenberg
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.09.022
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 12 ,
Published online: September 25 2014
x Dr Wang and colleagues [1] studied the physiological effects and quality of chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) at sea level and high altitude. Thirty-eight participants were asked to perform continuous chest compression CPR (CCC-CPR) for 5 minutes at sea level and at high altitude. They quantified the quality of the chest compressions and measured the rescuers' blood oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and fatigue, as measured with the Borg score, after CCC-CPR compared with resting levels.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality among lifeguards: self-perception, knowledge, and performance Ana Catarina Queiroga, Roberto Barcala-Furelos, Cristian Abelairas-Gómez, Óscar Farto-Ramírez, José Antonio Prieto-Saborit, Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.08.077
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 11 ,
Published online: September 6 2014
x Drowning continues to be a leading cause of accidental death worldwide. In case of drowning, duration of hypoxia is the critical outcome factor. Therefore, immediate good-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) at the scene, with early ventilations, is essential to increase the chances of survival and to reduce the neurologic damage of survivors [1,2]. Evidence indicates that in real life, quality of CPR, even when performed by staff with duty to assist, used to be poor [3–10]. In drowning events, the extreme physical conditions in which lifeguards have to perform CPR (sometimes after performing victim's water rescue), may result in even worse CPR quality [11].
Comparative pathology of open-chest versus closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs : Stephen F. Badylak, Karl B. Kern, Willis A. Tucker, Gordon A. Ewy, Wolfgang Janas, Alice Carter. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(86)90192-0
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 4 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1986
Low-energy direct defibrillation—Safe and effective : C. L. Lake, T. D. Sellers, R. S. Crampton, S. P. Nolan, H. A. Wellons, Jr., I. K. Crosby. University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(84)90148-7
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 2 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1984
External cardiopulmonary resuscitation preserves brain viability after prolonged cardiac arrest in dogs Mark Angelos, Peter Safar, Harvey Reich
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(91)90209-3
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 9 , Issue 5 ,
Published in issue: September 1991
x Standard external cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) steps A-B-C produce a low blood flow that may or may not preserve brain viability during prolonged cardiac arrest. A dog model was used with ventricular fibrillation (VF) of 20 minutes, reperfusion with brief cardiopulmonary bypass, controlled ventilation to 20 hours, and intensive care to 96 hours. A retrospective comparison was made of the results of one series, now called “group I” (n = 10)—which received CPR basic life support interposed from VF 10 to 15 minutes, and CPR advanced life support with epinephrine (without defibrillation) from VF 15 to 20 minutes—to the results of another series, now “control group II” (n = 10)—which received VF no flow (no CPR) for 20 minutes.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: is the ED visit an opportunity to recommend education? Marna Rayl Greenberg, Gavin C. Barr Jr., Jon D. Willardson, Nicholas M. Dowling, Jennifer L. Sears, Valerie Rupp, Kimberly Hamilton, Kevin R. Weaver
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2012.09.028
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 31 , Issue 2 ,
Published online: November 19 2012
x The incidence of sudden cardiac death in the United States is between 180
Response Lu Xie
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.09.008
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 26 , Issue 3 ,
Published in issue: March 2008
x I agree with your opinion that unsuccessful outcomes after successful CPR are in part due to impaired cerebral function caused by ischemic brain injury. Epinephrine is currently a suboptimal drug for CPR and needs to be evaluated further. The problem is how to reduce or avoid the adverse effect of epinephrine during and after CPR. If possible, we should do our best to search for a better therapeutic drug for cardiac arrest.
Evolution and new perspective of chest compression mechanical devices Alejandra Gaxiola, Joseph Varon
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.11.016
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 26 , Issue 8 ,
Published in issue: October 2008
x Cardiac arrest is a major concern in health care, owing to its high incidence and mortality rates. Since the development of external cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), there has been little advancement in nonpharmacologic therapies that have increased survival rates associated with cardiac arrest. Consequently, there has been much interest in the development of new techniques to improve the efficacy of CPR, particularly in the development of devices. Initially, many of the devices developed were not considered functional and failed to gain acceptance in the clinical setting.
Compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation vs standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an updated meta-analysis of observational studies Lan Yao, Peng Wang, Lili Zhou, Mingdi Chen, Yuanshan Liu, Xiaozhu Wei, Zitong Huang
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.01.055
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 6 ,
Published online: February 6 2014
x To perform an updated meta-analysis of observational studies with unstratified cohort addressing whether compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), compared with standard CPR, improves outcomes in adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and a subgroup meta-analysis for the patients with cardiac etiology arrest.
Review of all studies of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in animal models reported in the emergency medicine literature for the past 10 years C.J. Holliman, M.A. Bates
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(92)90017-R
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 10 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 1992
Successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest using mechanicalCPR Lee-Min Wang, Chen-Hsen Lee, Low-Tone HO, Chi-Houng Chang
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2000.7362
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 18 , Issue 4 ,
Published in issue: July 2000
x Manually-performed external chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) produces only a quarter to a third of the normal blood flow. The systolic and diastolic pressures generated by the standard manual technique, even if optimally performed are barely adequate to sustain life. Automatic resuscitators can provide chest compressions or ventilations during CPR. The device has many advantages to perform standard “American Heart Association” (AHA) CPR.
A new cardiopulmonary resuscitation method using only rhythmic abdominal compression: A preliminary report Leslie A. Geddes, Ann Rundell, Aaron Lottes, Andre Kemeny, Michael Otlewski
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.001
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 25 , Issue 7 ,
Published in issue: September 2007
x This article introduces 2 new cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) concepts: (1) the use of only rhythmic abdominal compression (OAC) to produce blood flow during CPR with ventricular fibrillation and (2) a new way of describing coronary perfusion effectiveness, namely, the area between the aortic and right atrial pressure curves, summed over 1 minute, the units being millimeters of mercury per second. We call this unit the coronary perfusion index (CPI). True mean coronary perfusion pressure is CPI/60.
Survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation Richard O. Cummins, Mickey S. Eisenberg, Alfred P. Hallstrom, Paul E. Litwin
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(85)90032-4
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 3 , Issue 2 ,
Published in issue: March 1985
x Records on 1,297 people with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, caused by heart disease and treated by both emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics, were examined to determine whether or not early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) initiated by bystanders independently improved survival. Bystanders initiated CPR for 579 patients (bystander CPR); for the remaining 718 patients, CPR was delayed until the arrival of EMTs (delayed CPR). Survival was significantly better (P < 0.05) in the bystander-CPR group (32%) than in the delayed-CPR group (22%).
After the 2010 guidelines: less fear and more cardiopulmonary resuscitation Simone Savastano, Vincenzo Vanni, Karen Langord
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.06.013
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Vol. 32 , Issue 9 ,
Published online: June 19 2014
x It is well known that prompt and good quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is fundamental for cardiac arrest victim survival. However, it has been demonstrated by us [1] and other authors [1-10] that the fears of lay rescuers negatively influence the willingness to perform CPR on a stranger. This could explain the lack of increase in the percentage of bystander CPR in the last few years. We have previously found that the main fears are the dread of not being capable, causing physical harm, facing legal consequences, and contracting an infectious disease.
